A non-invasive intranasal inoculation technique using isoflurane anesthesia to infect the brain of mice with rabies virus

Rosseels, Valérie; Naze, Florence; Craeye, Stéphane De; Francart, Aurélie; Kalai, Michaël; Gucht, Steven Van

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.01.019

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In fact, one study showed that the pathogenicity following i.n. infection depends on a variety of factors, for example the amount and exact administration of the inoculum [59]. In our study the pathogenicity of different isolates of the same lyssavirus species were investigated under the same conditions and differences in pathogenicity were still observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of European bat lyssavirus 1 pathogenicity in the mouse model

et al. 2017

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European bat lyssavirus 1 is responsible for most bat rabies cases in Europe. Although EBLV-1 isolates display a high degree of sequence identity, different sublineages exist. In individual isolates various insertions and deletions have been identified, with unknown impact on viral replication and pathogenicity. In order to assess whether different genetic features of EBLV-1 isolates correlate with phenotypic changes, different EBLV-1 variants were compared for pathogenicity in the mouse model. Groups of three mice were infected intracranially (i.c.) with 102 TCID50/ml and groups of six mice were infected intramuscularly (i.m.) with 105 TCID50/ml and 102 TCID50/ml as well as intranasally (i.n.) with 102 TCID50/ml. Significant differences in survival following i.m. inoculation with low doses as well as i.n. inoculation were observed. Also, striking variations in incubation periods following i.c. inoculation and i.m. inoculation with high doses were seen. Hereby, the clinical picture differed between general symptoms, spasms and aggressiveness depending on the inoculation route. Immunohistochemistry of mouse brains showed that the virus distribution in the brain depended on the inoculation route. In conclusion, different EBLV-1 isolates differ in pathogenicity indicating variation which is not reflected in studies of single isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of European bat lyssavirus 1 pathogenicity in the mouse model

et al. 2017

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“…Reverse transcription and q-PCR were performed as described in Rosseels et al 48 Two primers (forward and reverse, sequences are accessible on demand; Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium) located in the nucleoprotein N genome region were used for the detection of ERA and CVS-11 strains. The cellular housekeeping gene, GAPDH, was used for normalization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of caspase-1/11, -3, -7, or IL-1β/IL-18 deficiency on rabies virus-induced macrophage cell death and onset of disease

et al. 2017

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Rabies virus is a highly neurovirulent RNA virus, which causes about 59000 deaths in humans each year. Previously, we described macrophage cytotoxicity upon infection with rabies virus. Here we examined the type of cell death and the role of specific caspases in cell death and disease development upon infection with two laboratory strains of rabies virus: Challenge Virus Standard strain-11 (CVS-11) is highly neurotropic and lethal for mice, while the attenuated Evelyn–Rotnycki–Abelseth (ERA) strain has a broader cell tropism, is non-lethal and has been used as an oral vaccine for animals. Infection of Mf4/4 macrophages with both strains led to caspase-1 activation and IL-1β and IL-18 production, as well as activation of caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9. Moreover, absence of caspase-3, but not of caspase-1 and -11 or -7, partially inhibited virus-induced cell death of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Intranasal inoculation with CVS-11 of mice deficient for either caspase-1 and -11 or -7 or both IL-1β and IL-18 led to general brain infection and lethal disease similar to wild-type mice. Deficiency of caspase-3, on the other hand, significantly delayed the onset of disease, but did not prevent final lethal outcome. Interestingly, deficiency of caspase-1/11, the key executioner of pyroptosis, aggravated disease severity caused by ERA virus, whereas wild-type mice or mice deficient for either caspase-3, -7, or both IL-1β and IL-18 presented the typical mild symptoms associated with ERA virus. In conclusion, rabies virus infection of macrophages induces caspase-1- and caspase-3-dependent cell death. In vivo caspase-1/11 and caspase-3 differently affect disease development in response to infection with the attenuated ERA strain or the virulent CVS-11 strain, respectively. Inflammatory caspases seem to control attenuated rabies virus infection, while caspase-3 aggravates virulent rabies virus infection.

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“…Challenge Virus Standard-11 (CVS-11), a virulent neurotropic lyssavirus, was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC: reference VR959). CVS-11 was grown in baby hamster kidney (BHK)-21 cells, as described previously [29]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female Swiss outbred mice (Harlan, The Netherlands) were inoculated intranasally at the age of 6 to 8 weeks, according to Rosseels et al [29]. The experimental procedure was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of the WIV-ISP (advice nr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Step Lyssavirus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Degenerate Primers with Superior Sensitivity to the Fluorescent Antigen Test

Suin

Naze

Francart

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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A generic two-step lyssavirus real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), based on a nested PCR strategy, was validated for the detection of different lyssavirus species. Primers with 17 to 30% of degenerate bases were used in both consecutive steps. The assay could accurately detect RABV, LBV, MOKV, DUVV, EBLV-1, EBLV-2, and ABLV. In silico sequence alignment showed a functional match with the remaining lyssavirus species. The diagnostic specificity was 100% and the sensitivity proved to be superior to that of the fluorescent antigen test. The limit of detection was ≤1 50% tissue culture infectious dose. The related vesicular stomatitis virus was not recognized, confirming the selectivity for lyssaviruses. The assay was applied to follow the evolution of rabies virus infection in the brain of mice from 0 to 10 days after intranasal inoculation. The obtained RNA curve corresponded well with the curves obtained by a one-step monospecific RABV-qRT-PCR, the fluorescent antigen test, and virus titration. Despite the presence of degenerate bases, the assay proved to be highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible.

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A non-invasive intranasal inoculation technique using isoflurane anesthesia to infect the brain of mice with rabies virus

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Comparative analysis of European bat lyssavirus 1 pathogenicity in the mouse model

Comparative analysis of European bat lyssavirus 1 pathogenicity in the mouse model

Impact of caspase-1/11, -3, -7, or IL-1β/IL-18 deficiency on rabies virus-induced macrophage cell death and onset of disease

A Two-Step Lyssavirus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Degenerate Primers with Superior Sensitivity to the Fluorescent Antigen Test

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