“…In [23], the authors used ANN to deal with harmonic issues, but the results do not involve the various operational modes of loads under different voltage sources. In NILM systems, most studies mainly focus on ANN with back-propagation (BP-ANN) for load recognition algorithms [2,6,7,11,13,21,23,24]. With simple implementation, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) is also a commonly used recognizer.…”