A non-hydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/TiO2 microsphere photocatalysts

Titanium Dioxide/Graphene and Titanium Dioxide/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Applications for Water Decontamination

“…Field emission SEM was used to show better "flower-like" structure of the formed TiO 2 /G nanocomposites prepared by HT method under 120 • C. In addition, they reported the formation of nanoflakes on the surface of TiO 2 /G nanocomposites with the increase in the preparation temperature. This was attributed to self-assembly of the nanorods and nanoflakes on the surface of the formed nanocomposites through van der Waals forces [100], as shown in Figures 13 and 14. Ni used SEM to confirm the wrapping of G on the TiO 2 nanoparticles.…”

“…On the other hand, higher temperatures resulted in the formation of the TiO 2 anatase crystalline phase with lower surface areas for the prepared nanocomposites. This conclusion was based on the results of x-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, nitrogen adsorption, and Raman spectroscopy [100]. Flower-like TiO 2 /G nanocomposites can be prepared using dropwise addition of acetic acid.…”

“…On the other hand, increasing the HT treatment temperature during the formation of TiO2/G nanocomposites decreases the BET surface area because of the increase in pore size. This is ascribed to the change in the morphology and crystal structure by forming nanoflakes rather than the flower-like crystals as a result of the increase in the HT temperature, with a subsequent decrease in the specific surface area of the nanocomposites, as shown in Figure 17 [100].…”

Graphene oxide: A promising nanomaterial for energy and environmental applications

“…Other organic dyes such as MB [309][310][311][312][313], methyl orange (MO) [314,315] and crystal violet (Cv) [316] have also been effectively photodegraded via GO/RGO-based photocatalysts. Recently, the Z-scheme photocatalytic system of the Ag@AgCl/RGO composite displayed much higher photocatalytic activity of MB degradation than the normal Ag@AgCl/RGO composite because of the two parallel photochemical reactions by the electron-hole pairs of the low energy level recombined in space by metallic Ag as a solid-state electron mediator and the remaining electron-hole pairs of the high energy level [309].…”

Optimal TiO2–Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Activity under Sunlight Condition: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetics

“…The TRGO hybrid with strong interactions between the two components was produced by Wu et al The photocatalytic activity of this composition for degradation of dye is much higher than that of pure TiO 2 nanospindle under identical conditions . The TRGO microspheres with flower‐like morphology can be synthesized via hydrothermal treatment using ammonia solution as the medium which improves the photocatalytic performance of the normal TiO 2 microspheres . The photocatalytic degradation rates of dye by TRGO are faster six and two times than that by P25 and TiO 2 –graphene oxide, respectively .…”