A non-equilibrium superradiant phase transition in free space

Ferioli, Giovanni; Glicenstein, Antoine; Ferrier-Barbut, Igor; Browaeys, Antoine

doi:10.1038/s41567-023-02064-w

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moreover, this model and related ones have been observed in recent experiments (see, e.g. [70,71]), which indirectly confirms the robustness of time-crystal phases against unavoidable disorder effects which are present in realistic setups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Quantum thermodynamics of boundary time-crystals

Carollo,

Lesanovsky,

Antezza

et al. 2024

Quantum Sci. Technol.

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Time-translation symmetry breaking is a mechanism for the emergence of non-stationary many-body phases, so-called time-crystals, in Markovian open quantum systems. Dynamical aspects of time-crystals have been extensively explored over the recent years. However, much less is known about their thermodynamic properties, also due to the intrinsic nonequilibrium nature of these phases. Here, we consider the paradigmatic boundary time-crystal system, in a finite-temperature environment, and demonstrate the persistence of the time-crystalline phase at any temperature. Furthermore, we analyze thermodynamic aspects of the model investigating, in particular, heat currents, power exchange and irreversible entropy production.  Our work sheds light on the thermodynamic cost of sustaining nonequilibrium time-crystalline phases and provides a framework for characterizing time-crystals as possible resources for, e.g., quantum sensing. Our results may be verified in experiments, for example with trapped ions or superconducting circuits, since we connect thermodynamic quantities with mean value and covariance of collective (magnetization) operators.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Quantum thermodynamics of boundary time-crystals

Carollo,

Lesanovsky,

Antezza

et al. 2024

Quantum Sci. Technol.

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“…Only a few recent studies have delved into the concept of dissipation-stabilized quantum synchronization, also known as dissipative time crystals, within the context of the super-operator spectrum and dynamical symmetries [30,[37][38][39][40][41]. Furthermore, only a few recent experimental works have reported the observation of a dissipative time crystal [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise-resilient phase transitions and limit-cycles in coupled Kerr oscillators

Alaeian,

Soriente,

Najafi

et al. 2024

New J. Phys.

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n recent years, there has been considerable focus on exploring driven-dissipative quantum systems, as they exhibit distinctive dissipation-stabilized phases. Among them, dissipative time crystal isa unique phase emerging as a shift from disorder or stationary states to periodic behaviors. However,understanding the resilience of these non-equilibrium phases against quantum fluctuations remainsunclear. This study addresses this query within a canonical parametric quantum optical system,specifically, a multi-mode cavity with self- and cross-Kerr non-linearity. Using mean-field theory weobtain the phase diagram and delimit the parameter ranges that stabilize a non-stationary limit-cycle phase. Leveraging the Keldysh formalism, we study the unique spectral features of each phase.Further, we extend our analyses beyond the mean-field theory by explicitly accounting for higher-order correlations through cumulant expansions. Our findings unveil insights into the modificationsof the open quantum systems phases, underscoring the significance of quantum correlations in non-equilibrium steady states. Importantly, our results conclusively demonstrate the resilience of thenon-stationary phase against quantum fluctuations, rendering it a dissipation-induced genuinequantum synchronous phase.

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“…We consider N two-level systems subject to collective dissipation and driven with a Rabi frequency ω. This can be realized both with cavity [14,34] or free space implementations [35]. We consider two sensing protocols, a single time-crystal (protocol I) and a two cascaded time-crystals (protocol II), where one system is driven with Rabi frequency ω and the other with ωD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 1), it is customary to rescale the collective decay rate κ by the system size in order to enforce a well-defined thermodynamic limit [22,71]. However, we focus on finite-size systems and thus consider a N -independent rate, which further allows for a closer connection with experiments [35]. The system displays a stationary regime, characterized by fast relaxation to the stationary state, and an oscillatory regime, featuring long-lived oscillations [70].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigating two protocols, we have shown that a sensitivity surpassing the standard quantum limit can indeed be practically achieved in a cascaded setup of two time-crystals. In view of recent experiments [35], it would be interesting to consider other continuous monitoring protocols, such as homodyne detection and/or to include finite detection efficiency. Finally, in the presence of local decay, we expect the observed phenomena to persist and become more robust as the number of atoms increases due to the increasingly large separation of timescales between collective and local processes [75].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Continuous Sensing and Parameter Estimation with the Boundary Time Crystal

Cabot,

Carollo,

Lesanovsky

2024

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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A boundary time-crystal is a quantum many-body system whose dynamics is governed by the competition between coherent driving and collective dissipation. It is composed of N two-level systems and features a transition between a stationary phase and an oscillatory one. The fact that the system is open allows to continuously monitor its quantum trajectories and to analyze their dependence on parameter changes. This enables the realization of a sensing device whose performance we investigate as a function of the monitoring time T and of the system size N . We find that the best achievable sensitivity is proportional to √ T N , i.e., it follows the standard quantum limit in time and Heisenberg scaling in the particle number. This theoretical scaling can be achieved in the oscillatory time-crystal phase and it is rooted in emergent quantum correlations. The main challenge is, however, to tap this capability in a measurement protocol that is experimentally feasible. We demonstrate that the standard quantum limit can be surpassed by cascading two time-crystals, where the quantum trajectories of one time-crystal are used as input for the other one.

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A non-equilibrium superradiant phase transition in free space

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Quantum thermodynamics of boundary time-crystals

Quantum thermodynamics of boundary time-crystals

Noise-resilient phase transitions and limit-cycles in coupled Kerr oscillators

Continuous Sensing and Parameter Estimation with the Boundary Time Crystal

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