A new zwitterionic electrochromatographic stationary phase based on poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) reactive monolith

Abstract

A new reactive monolith, poly(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(HPMA‐Cl‐co‐EDMA) was synthesized and post‐functionalized by taurine (2‐aminoethane sulfonic acid) to obtain a zwitterionic stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. The new stationary phase contained charged groups such as secondary amine providing anodic electroosmotic flow and sulfonic acid groups providing cathodic electroosmotic flow. Hence, the capillary electrochromatography separations with the new zwitterionic monolith were performed with either anodic or cathodic electroosmotic flow. The electrochromatographic separation of alkylbenzenes and phenols was successfully performed. The zwitterionic monolith also allowed the separation of nucleosides using only electrokinetic mode. Theoretical plate numbers up to ~105 plates/m were achieved. Our study is the first report based on poly(HPMA‐Cl‐co‐EDMA) reactive monolith post‐functionalized with a zwitterionic ligand allowing to operate in both anodic and cathodic electroosmotic flow modes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Postpolymerization modification of a hydroxy monolith precursor. Part I. Epoxy alkane and octadecyl isocyanate modified poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐pentaerythritol triacrylate) monolithic capillary columns for reversed‐phase capillary electrochromatography

“…see . Other monoliths have been described recently for postpolymerization modification, including monoliths based on glyceryl methacrylate (GMM) , N‐(3‐aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (NAPM) , N‐acryloxysuccinamide , and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate .…”

Organic polymer‐based monolithic capillary columns and their applications in food analysisψ

“…Aydoğan et al. reported a new reactive PMC for the separation of nucleosides in CEC with anodic EOF . The monolith was prepared by an in‐situ copolymerization of 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA‐Cl) as the monomer and EDMA as the crosslinker.…”

“…The column exhibited a better separation performance and in turn, a good separation was observed for nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, and small peptides on the poly(SPP-co-N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide) monolith when compared to the ZIC-HILIC column. Aydoğan et al reported a new reactive PMC for the separation of nucleosides in CEC with anodic EOF [47]. The monolith was prepared by an in-situ copolymerization of 3-chloro-2hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA-Cl) as the monomer and EDMA as the crosslinker.…”

Post‐polymerization modification of a new reactive monolith for reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction capillary electrochromatography of neutral, polar, and biologically active compounds

“…34 In our reported studies, poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA)-based capillary monoliths carrying anionic and zwitterionic ligands were firstly introduced to the literature in CEC. 35,36 These monolithic columns, however, displayed limited hydrophilicity 35 and mobile phases that use high amount of organic modifier (around 60% ACN) were used to achieve sufficient retention and selectivity for polar analytes. 36 Moreover, the separation of polar analytes including amides and phenols was mainly performed with ACN content exceeding 90% in the mobile phase to achieve sufficient retention.…”

“…35,36 These monolithic columns, however, displayed limited hydrophilicity 35 and mobile phases that use high amount of organic modifier (around 60% ACN) were used to achieve sufficient retention and selectivity for polar analytes. 36 Moreover, the separation of polar analytes including amides and phenols was mainly performed with ACN content exceeding 90% in the mobile phase to achieve sufficient retention. 8,20,37 Since it consumed large volumes of organic solvents, it would be less friendly for the environment.…”