A new wilt and die-back disease of Acacia mangium associated with Ceratocystis manginecans and C. acaciivora sp. nov. in Indonesia

A possible centre of diversity in South East Asia for the tree pathogen, Ceratocystis manginecans

“…The species resides in Ceratocystis sensu stricto (De Beer et al, 2014) that includes numerous cryptic species, the majority of which are aggressive tree pathogens (Al Adawi et al, 2013b;Engelbrecht and Harrington, 2005;Ocasio-Morales et al, 2007;Roux and Wingfield, 2013;Wingfield et al, 2013). C. manginecans has also been reported as a serious pathogen of Acacia mangium trees in Indonesia, identified at the time as the new species C. acaciivora (Tarigan et al, 2011).…”

“…Concern regarding the pathogen has increased in recent years, as it has been found on the native legume trees Prosopis cineraria (Ghaf) in Oman and Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham) in Pakistan (Al Adawi et al, 2013b). This species has also been reported on the widely planted A. mangium in South East Asian countries, including Indonesia (Tarigan et al, 2011) and Malaysia (Brawner et al, 2015), and on Eucalyptus species in South China (Chen et al, 2013). Isolates of Ceratocystis spp, which could represent the same species, have also been reported from Eucalyptus trees in Brazil and Punica granatum (pomegranate) in India (Harrington et al, 2014).…”

“…Disease symptoms associated with C. manginecans infection on M. indica and legume trees include staining of vascular tissue, stem cankers and wilt (Al Adawi et al, 2013b;Tarigan et al, 2011;Van Wyk et al, 2007). These symptoms can result in tree death within six months of infection (Al Adawi et al, 2006;Tarigan et al, 2011).…”

“…These symptoms can result in tree death within six months of infection (Al Adawi et al, 2006;Tarigan et al, 2011). A. mangium trees are a primary resource in the paper and pulp industry in Indonesia and its neighbouring countries (FSIV, 2009;Maslin, 2013).…”

“…causing disease on Acacia in Vietnam. The geographic proximity of Vietnam to Indonesia and the similarity of the disease on the same host plant (Tarigan et al, 2011) suggested that the pathogen could be C. manginecans.…”