A New Way to Explore Cosmological Tensions Using Gravitational Waves and Strong Gravitational Lensing

Abstract

In recent years, a crisis in the standard cosmology has been caused by inconsistencies in the measurements of some key cosmological parameters, the Hubble constant H 0 and cosmic curvature parameter Ω K , for example. It is necessary to remeasure them with the cosmological model-independent methods. In this paper, based on the distance sum rule, we present such a way to constrain H 0 and Ω K simultaneously in the late universe from strong gravitational lensing time-delay (SGLTD) data and gravitational wave (GW) standard siren data simulated from the future observation of the Einstein Telescope (ET). Based on the data for six currently observed SGLTDs, we find that the constraint precision of H 0 from the combined 100 GW events can be comparable with the measurement from the SH0ES collaboration. As the number of GW events increases to 700, the constraint precision of H 0 will exceed that of the Planck 2018 results. Considering 1000 GW events as the conservative estimation of ET in the 10 yr observation, we obtain H 0 = 73.69 ± 0.36 km s−1 Mpc−1 with a 0.5% uncertainty and Ω K = 0.076 − 0.087 + 0.068 . In addition, we simulate 55 strong gravitational lensing (SGL) systems with a 6.6% uncertainty for the measurement of time-delay distance. By combining with 1000 GWs, we infer that H 0 = 73.65 ± 0.35 km s−1 Mpc−1 and Ω K = 0.008 ± 0.048. Our results suggest that this approach can play an important role in exploring cosmological tensions.

Prospects for Probing the Interaction between Dark Energy and Dark Matter Using Gravitational-wave Dark Sirens with Neutron Star Tidal Deformation

“…As a promising cosmological probe, gravitational-wave (GW) standard sirens will play a crucial role in exploring the expansion history of the Universe; see, e.g., Dalal et al (2006), Cutler & Holz (2009), Zhao et al (2011Zhao et al ( , 2020, Cai & Yang (2017, 2018, Cai et al (2018aCai et al ( , 2018b, Chang et al (2019), Du et al (2019), He (2019), Yang et al (2019Yang et al ( , 2020, Zhang (2019), Bachega et al (2020), Borhanian et al (2020), Chen (2020), Gray et al (2020), Jin et al (2020Jin et al ( , 2021Jin et al ( , 2022Jin et al ( , 2023aJin et al ( , 2023bJin et al ( , 2023cJin et al ( , 2024, Chen et al (2021), Mitra et al (2021), Qi et al (2021), Ye & Fishbach (2021), Cao et al (2022), Colgáin (2022), de Souza et al (2022, Dhani et al (2022), Wang et al (2022aWang et al ( , 2022bWang et al ( , 2022d, Zhu et al (2022), Califano et al (2023), Han et al (2023), Hou et al (2023, Wu et al (2023), Zhang et al (2023), andSong et al (2...…”

A thorough investigation of the prospects of eLISA in addressing the Hubble tension: Fisher Forecast, MCMC and Machine Learning

“…Next generation GW observatories, like the ground-based Einstein Telescope (ET) [36][37][38] or the space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) [39][40][41][42][43] and the Deci-Hertz Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (DECIGO) [44][45][46], are expected to play a key role in cosmography in the coming decades. In addition to opening up a new window into the Universe beyond conventional EM astronomy, they will help us probe intermediate redshifts via frequent detections of compact binary coalescence events in the hitherto inaccessible z 2 range.…”

Prospects for constraining interacting dark energy models from gravitational wave and gamma ray burst joint observation

“…In theory, the cosmological constant Λ always suffers from several severe puzzles, such as the "fine-tuning" and "cosmic coincidence" problems [8][9][10]. In observation, the measurement inconsistencies of some key cosmological parameters, the Hubble constant H 0 and cosmic curvature parameter Ω k for example, are posing a serious challenge to the standard cosmological model [6,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Therefore, some important cosmological issues need to be reexamined in the context of the serious crisis for the standard cosmology.…”