A new wave of oral cancer epidemic among youth in Pakistan

Tayyaba,; Akram, Nida; Rehman, Fawad Ur

doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104480

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…This condition can be explained by improved healthcare or appropriate prevention [ 23 ], population aging and low fertility rate. However, the proportion of people aged 70+ years in Pakistan decreased, whereas that of people aged 15–49 years increased due to increasing SLT use among teenagers [ 24 ]. The proportion of patients over 75 years of age has dropped from 21.1% in 1990 to 14.6% in 2019, and the number of deaths dropped from 27% in 1990 to 19.7% in 2019 ( Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Oral Cancer on the 10 Most Populous Countries from 1990 to 2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Zhang

Xie

Shang

2022

IJERPH

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Background: Oral cancer (OC) is a common tumour that poses a threat to human health and imposes a heavy burden on countries. This study assessed the burden imposed by OC on the 10 most populous countries from 1990 to 2019 on the basis of gender, age and socio-demographic index. Methods: Data on incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and corresponding age-standardised rates (ASR) for OC in the 10 most populous countries from 1990 to 2019 were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to assess the trends of morbidity, mortality and DALY. The indicator that served as a proxy for survival rate was the supplement of mortality-to-incidence ratio (SMIR) (1 − (M/I)). Results: The number of new cases, deaths and DALY have increased in all 10 countries in the past 30 years. Trends in age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardised DALY for OC in the 10 most populous countries varied. The SMIR increased in all countries, with most countries having an SMIR between 30% and 50%. In 2019, the United States had the highest SMIR at 76%, whereas Russia had the lowest at 21.7%. Incidence and mortality were close between male and female subjects in Japan, Indonesia, Mexico, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. The incidence and mortality in male subjects in the United States, Russia, China and Brazil were two or more times those of female subjects. Gender difference was highest among patients aged 40–69 years. Conclusion: Trends and gender differences in ASIR, ASMR and age-standardised DALY for OC vary in the 10 most populous countries. Government cancer programs are often expensive to run, especially in countries with large populations. Policy makers need to take these differences into account when formulating policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%