A New Watermarking Algorithm for Point Model Using Angle Quantization Index Modulation

Feng, Xiaoyi

doi:10.2991/nceece-15.2016.173

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similarly, in [22] presented an efficient WM method for 3D PC models using vertex curvature for attaining and bringing good trade-offs among robustness and transparency. In [23], showed importance of building efficient 3DMM for safeguarding industrial products. They presented a flexible selection of masking location for data masking of 3DMM with minimal disturbance produced by the data masking method.…”

Section: Litterature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient data masking method for encrypted 3D mesh model

Malipatil¹,

Shubhangi

2021

IJEECS

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The industrial 3D mesh model (3DMM) plays a significant part in engineering and computer aided designing field. Thus, protecting copyright of 3DMM is one of the major research problems that require significant attention. Further, the industries started outsourcing its 3DMM to cloud computing (CC) environment. For preserving privacy, the 3DMM are encrypted and stored on cloud computing environment. Thus, building efficient data masking of encrypted 3DMM is considered to be efficient solution for masking information of 3DMM. First, using the secret key, the original 3DMM is encrypted. Second without procuring any prior information of original 3DMM it is conceivable mask information on encrypted 3D mesh models. Third, the original 3DMM are reconstructed by extracting masked information. The existing masking methods are not efficient in providing high information masking capacity in reversible manner and are not robust. For overcoming research issues, this work models an efficient data masking (EDM) method that is reversible nature. Experiment outcome shows the EDM for 3DMM attain better performance in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and root mean squared error (RMSE) over existing data masking methods. Thus, the EDM model brings good tradeoffs between achieving high data masking capacity with good reconstruction quality of 3DMM.

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Section: Litterature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient data masking method for encrypted 3D mesh model

Malipatil¹,

Shubhangi

2021

IJEECS

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“…According to Equations (22) and (24), Equation (20) can be simplified as Then the direction value in ciphertext can be calculated by using Equation (20).…”

Section: Three Direction Values Calculation Of Each Patchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that method, a 3D model is divided into patches, and watermark bits were embedded by changing the local vector length of a point in each patch. Feng et al divided a 3D model into patches, then embedded a watermark into each patch by modulating angle quantization [22]. However, those methods are not reversible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homomorphic Encryption-Based Robust Reversible Watermarking for 3D Model

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Symmetry

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Robust reversible watermarking in an encrypted domain is a technique that preserves privacy and protects copyright for multimedia transmission in the cloud. In general, most models of buildings and medical organs are constructed by three-dimensional (3D) models. A 3D model shared through the internet can be easily modified by an unauthorized user, and in order to protect the security of 3D models, a robust reversible 3D models watermarking method based on homomorphic encryption is necessary. In the proposed method, a 3D model is divided into non-overlapping patches, and the vertex in each patch is encrypted by using the Paillier cryptosystem. On the cloud side, in order to utilize addition and multiplication homomorphism of the Paillier cryptosystem, three direction values of each patch are computed for constructing the corresponding histogram, which is shifted to embed watermark. For obtaining watermarking robustness, the robust interval is designed in the process of histogram shifting. The watermark can be extracted from the symmetrical direction histogram, and the original encrypted model can be restored by histogram shifting. Moreover, the process of watermark embedding and extraction are symmetric. Experimental results show that compared with the existing watermarking methods in encrypted 3D models, the quality of the decrypted model is improved. Moreover, the proposed method is robust to common attacks, such as translation, scaling, and Gaussian noise.

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“…In order to resist against scaling attacks, component r i of spherical coordinates of vertex V i should be normalized using equation (13).…”

Section: Translation Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this method, the disjoint clusters that were derived from the disordered points of the model first produced meshes and then Zachi’s spectral analysis was applied to the meshes; the watermarking information was embedded into the coefficients of the frequency domain. Feng 13 also presented a watermarking algorithm for 3D point-cloud models. In this scheme, the point-cloud model was split into a set of patches and watermarking information was inserted into these patches by modulating angle quantization index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel watermarking algorithm for three-dimensional point-cloud models based on vertex curvature

Liu

Yang

et al. 2019

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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A new blind watermarking scheme for three-dimensional point-cloud models is proposed based on vertex curvature to achieve an appropriate trade-off between transparency and robustness. The root mean square curvature of local set of every vertex is first calculated for the three-dimensional point-cloud model and then the vertices with larger root mean square curvature are used to carry the watermarking information; the vertices with smaller root mean square curvature are exploited to establish the synchronization relation between the watermark embedding and extraction. The threedimensional point-cloud model is divided into ball rings, and the watermarking information is inserted by modifying the radial radii of vertices within ball rings. Those vertices taking part in establishing the synchronization relation do not carry the watermarking information; therefore, the synchronization relation is not affected by the embedded watermark. Experimental results show the proposed method outperforms other well-known three-dimensional point-cloud model watermarking methods in terms of imperceptibility and robustness, especially for against geometric attack.

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A New Watermarking Algorithm for Point Model Using Angle Quantization Index Modulation

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

An efficient data masking method for encrypted 3D mesh model

An efficient data masking method for encrypted 3D mesh model

Homomorphic Encryption-Based Robust Reversible Watermarking for 3D Model

A novel watermarking algorithm for three-dimensional point-cloud models based on vertex curvature

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