A new US–UK diagnostic project: mood elevation and depression in first‐year undergraduates at Oxford and Stanford universities

Chandler, Rebecca A.; Wang, Po; Ketter, T.A.; Goodwin, G M

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01193.x

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Individuals with the BPP are at increased risk for a range of mental health problems. Anxiety and depression are especially common (Chandler et al, 2008). In fact, a number of young people with the BPP already meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar II or NOS (Rock et al, 2010;Chandler et al, 2009); the symptom profiles and alterations in emotional processing are relatively homogeneous for patients whether or not they meet a syndromal definition of BD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young people screened in late adolescence and early adulthood report high rates of hypomanic experiences (Chandler et al, 2008;Calabrese et al, 2003) and these experiences are associated with increased rates of mood and anxiety disorders in adulthood including BD (Lewinsohn et al, 2000;Tijssen et al, 2010). Individuals with the BPP are at increased risk for a range of mental health problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forty medication-free male participants between the ages of 18 and 21 were recruited via advertisements or from an on-line survey (Chandler et al, 2008). Participants were selected according to their scores on the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ; Hirschfeld et al, 2000), a self-report instrument for screening BD (specificity ¼ 0.90).…”

Section: Participants and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although studies in this population have indisputably helped to inform current understanding of the BDs, they are nonetheless limited by the confounding factors inherent in studying a chronically ill population; for example, the effects of long-term medication, multiple hospitalizations, comorbidities, cognitive impairment, and long disease histories. Recent research has sought to eliminate these confounds by studying at-risk individuals for BD, identified on the basis of previous hypomanic experiences (Chandler et al, 2008;Calabrese et al, 2003). Such individualsFhereafter referred to as individuals with the bipolar phenotype (BPP)Fare at increased risk for a range of mental health problems including, but not limited to, BD (eg, anxiety, depression;Chandler et al, 2008;Calabrese et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research has sought to eliminate these confounds by studying at-risk individuals for BD, identified on the basis of previous hypomanic experiences (Chandler et al, 2008;Calabrese et al, 2003). Such individualsFhereafter referred to as individuals with the bipolar phenotype (BPP)Fare at increased risk for a range of mental health problems including, but not limited to, BD (eg, anxiety, depression;Chandler et al, 2008;Calabrese et al, 2003). Moreover, among individuals with the BPP some already meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar II or NOS (Rock et al, 2010;Chandler et al, 2009) and their symptoms and alterations in emotional processing are relatively homogeneous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Reduced Subjective Response to Acute Ethanol Administration Among Young Men with a Broad Bipolar Phenotype

Yip

Doherty

Wakeley

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Elevated lifetime prevalence rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are a feature of bipolar disorder (BD). Individuals at-risk for AUDs exhibit blunted subjective responses to alcohol (low levels of response), which may represent a biomarker for AUDs. Thus, individuals atrisk for BD may exhibit low responses to alcohol. Participants were 20 unmedicated adult males who reported high rates of hypomanic experiences (bipolar phenotype participants; BPPs), aged 18 to 21 years, and 20 healthy controls matched on age, gender, IQ, BMI, and weekly alcohol intake. Subjective and pharmacokinetic responses to acute alcohol (0.8 g/kg) vs placebo administration were collected in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design. BPP participants reported significantly lower subjective intoxication effects ('feel high': F ¼ 14.2, p ¼ 0.001; 'feel effects': F ¼ 8.1, p ¼ 0.008) across time, but did not differ in their pharmacokinetic, stimulant, or sedative responses. Paradoxically, however, the BPP participants reported significantly higher expectations of the positive effects of alcohol than controls. Our results suggest that unmedicated young males with previous hypomanic experiences exhibit diminished subjective responses to alcohol. These blunted alcohol responses are not attributable to differences in weekly alcohol intake, pharmacokinetic effects (eg, absorption rates), or familial risk of AUDs. These observations suggest that the dampened intoxication may contribute to the increased rates of alcohol misuse in young people at-risk for BD, and suggest possible shared etiological factors in the development of AUDs and BD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participants and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reduced Subjective Response to Acute Ethanol Administration Among Young Men with a Broad Bipolar Phenotype

Yip

Doherty

Wakeley

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Subjective responses to amphetamine in young adults with previous mood elevation experiences

et al. 2019

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Rationale-One risk factor for alcohol and substance misuse is hypomanic experiences, or periods of mood elevation. Young people who report hypomanic states are more likely to develop bipolar disorder (BP), and BP and other mood disorders increase the risk of addiction. We recently reported that young adults with a history of mood elevation experience less subjective effects from a low dose of alcohol, which may be predictive of future alcohol use. The finding with alcohol raised the question of whether this dampened response to a drug also applies to other drugs, such as amphetamine. Objective-This study assessed responses of d-amphetamine in healthy young adults with varying experiences of mood elevation, as measured by the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ). Methods-Healthy 18-19-year-olds (N = 30) with a range of MDQ scores participated in three 4-h laboratory sessions in which they received placebo, 10 mg, or 20 mg d-amphetamine. They completed mood questionnaires and cardiovascular measures. Results-Individuals with higher MDQ scores reported less stimulation and euphoria after 10 mg, but not 20 mg, d-amphetamine, than individuals with lower scores. MDQ scores were not related to cardiovascular responses to the drug. Conclusions-A history of mood elevation experiences or hypomania states is related to dampened response to a low dose of a psychostimulant drug, extending previous findings with dampened response to alcohol. This phenotype for mood disorders of dampened responses to drugs may contribute to risk for subsequent drug use or misuse.

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Internet Gamblers: A Latent Class Analysis of Their Behaviours and Health Experiences

et al. 2010

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In order to learn about the behaviours and health experiences of people who gamble on the Internet, we conducted an international online survey with respondents recruited via gambling and gambling-related websites. The mean (SD) age of the 4,125 respondents completing the survey was 35.5 (11.8) years, with 79.1% being male and 68.8% UK residents. Respondents provided demographic details and completed validated psychometric screening instruments for problem gambling, mood disturbances, as well as alcohol and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm. We applied latent class analysis to respondents' patterns of regular online gambling activities, and identified subgroups of individuals who used the Internet to gamble in different ways (L (2) = 44.27, bootstrap P = 0.07). We termed the characteristic profiles as 'non-to-minimal gamblers'; 'sports bettors'; 'casino & sports gamblers'; 'lottery players'; and 'multi-activity gamblers'. Furthermore, these subgroups of respondents differed on other demographic and psychological dimensions, with significant inter-cluster differences in proportion of individuals scoring above threshold for problem gambling, mood disorders and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm (all Chi (2)s > 23.4, all P-values <0.001). The 'casino & sports' and 'multi-activity-gamblers' clusters had the highest prevalence of mental disorder. Internet gamblers appear to be heterogeneous but composed of several subgroups, differing markedly on both demographic and clinical characteristics.

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A new US–UK diagnostic project: mood elevation and depression in first‐year undergraduates at Oxford and Stanford universities

Abstract: Oxford and Stanford students have similar rates of mood distress, depression and general medication usage. Students at Oxford have a higher prevalence of MDQ scores that possibly indicate a bipolar disorder, while Stanford students are prescribed more psychotropics.

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Reduced Subjective Response to Acute Ethanol Administration Among Young Men with a Broad Bipolar Phenotype

Reduced Subjective Response to Acute Ethanol Administration Among Young Men with a Broad Bipolar Phenotype

Subjective responses to amphetamine in young adults with previous mood elevation experiences

Internet Gamblers: A Latent Class Analysis of Their Behaviours and Health Experiences

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