A new Upper Triassic cynodont-bearing fossiliferous site from southern Brazil, with taphonomic remarks and description of a new traversodontid taxon

Pavanatto, Ane Elise Branco; Pretto, Flávio Augusto; Kerber, Leonardo; Müller, Rodrigo Temp; Da-Rosa, Átila Augusto Stock; Dias‐da‐Silva, Sérgio

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.08.016

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Within the Traversodontidae, the presence of the parietal foramen is also variable (Figure ), as it is present in Scalenodon , Luangwa , Traversodon , and Protuberum (Liu & Abdala, ), but absent in Andescynodon , Pascualgnathus , Massetognathus (adult specimens; see below), Boreogomphodon , Dadadon , Menadon , Scalenodontoides , Exaeretodon , and Siriusgnathus (Liu & Abdala, ; Melo et al, ; Pavanatto et al, ). In the remaining traversodontids, presence or absence of the parietal foramen is uncertain (Liu & Abdala, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grey: Cynognathia; purple: Trirachodontidae; blue: Traversodontidae. Phylogenetical relationships based on Pavanatto et al (). Drawing sources: Galesaurus —Pusch et al (); Thrinaxodon —Kielan‐Jaworowska et al (); Trirachodon —Hopson (); Massetognathus —Quiroga (1979) (Black and white—The presence/absence of the parietal foramen/pineal tube in some non‐mammaliaform cynodonts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dark grey: Cynognathia; light gray: Trirachodontidae; white: Traversodontidae. Phylogenetical relationships based on Pavanatto et al ().) [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CAPPA/UFSM 0032, the holotype of Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum , comes from the Niemeyer site, Agudo, Rio Grande do Sul (Upper Triassic, Candelária Sequence of Santa Maria Supersequence; Pavanatto et al, ). It comprises an almost complete and well‐preserved skull with a basal skull length of 220.4 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum was described based on specimens found in a single outcrop that has not yet been included in any of the AZs. (Pavanatto et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual reconstruction of cranial endocasts of traversodontid cynodonts (Eucynodontia: Gomphodontia) from the upper Triassic of Southern Brazil

Pavanatto

Kerber

Dias‐da‐Silva

2019

Journal of Morphology

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The brain endocasts of the late Triassic (Carnian) traversodontids (Eucynodontia: Gomphodontia) Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum and Exaeretodon riograndensis from southern Brazil are described based on virtual models generated using computed tomography scan data. Their skull anatomy resembles that of other nonmammaliaform cynodonts, showing an endocranial cavity that is not fully ossified. A "V-shaped" orbitosphenoid, neither fully developed nor ossified is present in E. riograndensis. The nasal cavity is confluent with the encephalic cavity. Thus, the anterior limit of the olfactory bulbs is not definite. The brain endocast is elongated, being narrow anteriorly and wide posteriorly, with the maximum width at the parafloccular cast. The olfactory bulbs do not present a clear division between their counterparts, due to the absence of a longitudinal sulcus. A longitudinal sulcus in the forebrain delimiting the cerebral hemispheres, the pineal tube, and the parietal foramen are absent in both taxa. The large and well-developed unossified zone is partially separated from the remaining endocast by a notch formed by the supraoccipital. The encephalization quotients, as well as the endocranial volume/body mass relationships of S. niemeyerorum and E. riograndensis are within the range expected for nonmammaliaform Therapsida.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum was described based on specimens found in a single outcrop that has not yet been included in any of the AZs. (Pavanatto et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual reconstruction of cranial endocasts of traversodontid cynodonts (Eucynodontia: Gomphodontia) from the upper Triassic of Southern Brazil

Pavanatto

Kerber

Dias‐da‐Silva

2019

Journal of Morphology

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Old fossil findings in the Upper Triassic rocks of southern Brazil improve diversity of traversodontid cynodonts (Therapsida, Cynodontia)

Schmitt

Martinelli

Kaiuca

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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In this contribution we describe a new genus and species of gomphodontosuchine cynodont from the Late Triassic Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone (AZ) of the Santa Maria Supersequence of southern Brazil, based on material collected 20 years ago. The new taxon, Santagnathus mariensis gen. et sp. nov., is based on numerous cranial and postcranial remains, which altogether provide data on several parts of the skeleton. Santagnathus mariensis is closely related to Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum and Exaeretodon spp. and expands the knowledge about gomphodontosuchine cynodonts. Morphologically, the new species has a skull bauplan particularly similar to S. niemeyerorum and E. riograndensis, differing from them by a unique combination of traits such as three upper incisors, the absence of a descending process in the jugal, a more posterior position of the postorbital bar and a preorbital region larger than the temporal one. The new traversodontid was found associated with the rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon sp., corroborating the assignment of the cynodont fossils to the Hyperodapedon AZ. We also provide comments on the status of the Argentine traversodontid cynodont Proexaeretodon vincei, typically considered a junior synonym of Exaeretodon argentinus, and here accepted as a valid taxon.

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New information on the mandibular anatomy of Agudotherium gassenae, a Late Triassic non‐mammaliaform probainognathian from Brazil

Kerber,

Pretto,

Müller

2023

The Anatomical Record

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Agudotherium gassenae is a poorly known non‐mammaliaform probainognathian cynodont from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil. It is known only by mandibular remains, and its affinities within Probainognathia are unclear. Furthermore, its phylogenetic affinities were never investigated through computational analyses. In this study, we described new lower jaw remains excavated from the type locality and performed the first phylogenetic investigation of this taxon. The new specimen provides further anatomical information. The rostral region of the lower jaw was poorly preserved in the type series, leading to the interpretation that A. gassenae had three lower incisors. The new specimen demonstrates the presence of four incisors. The phylogenetic analysis positioned A. gassenae as the sister group of Prozostrodontia. This hypothesis differs from that previously presented in the former description of the taxon, in which it was considered a non‐mammaliaform prozostrodont by means of character‐state comparisons.

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A new Upper Triassic cynodont-bearing fossiliferous site from southern Brazil, with taphonomic remarks and description of a new traversodontid taxon

Cited by 31 publications

References 59 publications

Virtual reconstruction of cranial endocasts of traversodontid cynodonts (Eucynodontia: Gomphodontia) from the upper Triassic of Southern Brazil

Virtual reconstruction of cranial endocasts of traversodontid cynodonts (Eucynodontia: Gomphodontia) from the upper Triassic of Southern Brazil

Old fossil findings in the Upper Triassic rocks of southern Brazil improve diversity of traversodontid cynodonts (Therapsida, Cynodontia)

New information on the mandibular anatomy of Agudotherium gassenae, a Late Triassic non‐mammaliaform probainognathian from Brazil

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