A New Ultra-Wideband Beamforming for Wireless Communications in Underground Mines

Nedil, Mourad; Denidni, Tayeb A.; Djaiz, A.; Habib, Mohamed A.

doi:10.2528/pierm08070207

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The design of smart antennas or conventional antennas for through-the-air communication in the underground mine has never gained much attention because of the challenges discussed in Section 2.1. The scant research reported in the literature is in [27][28][29][30]. The ceiling-mounted inverted-F array in [27] offers an optimum position, however the gain of 2 dBi is too low.…”

Section: Smart Antennas In Underground Minesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ceiling-mounted inverted-F array in [27] offers an optimum position, however the gain of 2 dBi is too low. The UWB switched beam antenna proposed in [28] offers switched beam at the expense of larger and complicated structures.…”

Section: Smart Antennas In Underground Minesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generic correlation function is used to consider the receive correlation between each two receive states for a transmit state. (28) where E[] is the expectation function. The receive correlation of transmitting states 1 and 2 with all receiving states is shown in Table 5-3.…”

Section: Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving wireless communications in underground mines using reconfigurable antennas

Kunsei¹

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This thesis evaluates the effect of a using reconfigurable antenna (RA) on the performance of wireless communication in underground mines. Multipath levels in the underground mine propagation environment vary from moderate to high. The severity of multipath fading is controlled by the tunnel dimension, operating frequency, wave polarisation, electrical properties, and antenna position. Antenna design considers the last three controlling factors. Thus, this thesis investigates the usefulness of an RA in mitigating multipath effects in an underground mine at the physical layer. Existing multipath mitigation techniques feature bulky antenna systems or computationally intensive processes and are therefore unsuitable for the underground mine environment. Therefore a symmetrical pattern RA was selected for investigation. The circular planar antenna consists of four radiating elements separated by a 0.1 m single-layer substrate to provide spatial and polarisation diversity. Complex channel response from three experiments was recorded and analysed to evaluate the effects of antenna placement, changing tunnel dimension, and wave polarisation. The antenna placement was conducted in an emulated tunnel while the effect of changing tunnel dimension was conducted in a hard rock underground mine. The channel sounder is a portable vector network analyser (VNA) transmitting from port 1 and receiving on port 2. The wide stationary channel was swept from 1 to 4 GHz in 15MHz steps. The S21 data was post-processed to determine the path loss exponent, time dispersion, and capacity for the third experiment. A dipole antenna was characterised in the underground mine with the RA to provide reference measurements. Results suggest that the spatial diversity and polarisation diversity gains improved the path loss exponent in the tunnel with changing dimension. The directed radiation pattern of the RA filters out multipath components to significantly reduce the mean RMS delay in the non-line-of sight (NLOS). The RA offers 22% and 21% path loss improvement over the dipole in the line-of-sight (LOS) NLOS, respectively. Results also suggest that the path loss is less correlated to the distance. Shadowing in the LOS environment is lower than that of the NLOS for both antenna types. However, the RA show 23% and 28% higher deviation of the signal power in the LOS and NLOS environment, respectively, when compared to the dipole. The time dispersion of the channel is considered in the coherence bandwidth. The coherence bandwidth in the LOS is greater than that of the NLOS. However, the RA and dipole in a narrow tunnel dimension experience a 33% decrease in coherence bandwidth. Compared with previously published data, the published directional and dipole results reported a decrease of 75%, while the dipole experienced a 54% decrease. This suggests that time dispersion is a function of the antenna radiation pattern and not the tunnel dimension. The RA placement investigation showed that placing the transmitting RA under the ceiling is optimum.

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Section: Smart Antennas In Underground Minesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smart Antennas In Underground Minesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving wireless communications in underground mines using reconfigurable antennas

Kunsei¹

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“…In the proposed applications for IEEE 802.15.4, several companies mention sensor networks, which stand to derive huge benefits from the low power and location aware properties of UWB. Since UWB has excellent spatial resolution it can be advantageously applied in the field of localization and tracking (Chehri and Fortier, 2006a, b;Chehri et al, 2008;Nedil et al, 2008). There are a number of applications that would take advantage from precise positioning and navigation such as automatic storage and tracking of various targets (Ghavami, 2004;Chehri et al, 2006a, b, c;Salih et al, 2008).…”

Section: Ultra-wide-band Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Communication in Underground Mines

Bandyopadhyay

Chaulya

Мишра

2010

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except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) PrefaceWireless communication has emerged as an independent discipline in the past decades. Everything from cellular voice telephony to wireless data transmission using wireless sensor networks has profoundly impacted the safety, production, and productivity of industries and our lifestyle as well. After a decade of exponential growth, the wireless industry is one of the largest industries in the world. Therefore, it would be an injustice if the wireless communication is not explored for mining industry.Underground mines, which are characterized by their tough working conditions and hazardous environments, require fool-proof mine-wide communication systems for smooth functioning of mine workings and ensuring better safety. Proper and reliable communication systems not only save the machine breakdown time but also help in immediate passing of messages from the vicinity of underground working area to the surface for day-to-day normal mining operations as well as for speedy rescue operations in case of disaster. Therefore, a reliable and effective communication system is an essential requisite for safe working, and maintaining requisite production and productivity of underground mines. Most of the existing systems generally available in underground mines are based on line (wired) communication principle, hence these are unable to withstand in the disaster conditions and difficult to deploy in inaccessible places. Therefore, wireless communication is an indispensable, reliable, and convenient system and essential in case of day-to-day normal duty or disaster situations. However, at present there is no relevant book available in the global market regarding wireless communication technology in underground mines and hazardous areas. Therefore, a comprehensive textbook on wireless communication for underground mines is a vital need for mining and electronics engineers that provides a deeper understanding of the important subject and designing the intrinsic safe systems. Considering these facts, this book is written, incorporating various communication devices designed and developed by the authors for wireless communication in different areas of underground mines and their experiences in the fields.The wireless communication systems used on surface cannot be applied straightaway in underground mines due to high attenuation of radio waves in underground strata, besides presence of inflammable gases and hazardous environment...

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“…Butler Matrix has largely been used with various techniques such as waveguide [6], microstrip [7], multilayer microstrip [8] and CPW [9]. Butler Matrix is the key component of beamforming network, which is widely applied in smart antennas [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%