A new transverse piezoelectric mode 2-2 piezocomposite for underwater transducer applications

Zhang, Q.M.; Chen, J.; Wang, H.; Zhao, J. Z.; Trottier, M.

doi:10.1109/58.393119

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, the high permittivity results in low g h coefficients. There has been a longtime interest in developing piezoelectric composites for underwater hydrophone applications because of their high hydrostatic sensitivity, good acoustic impedance matching to water, and high-pressure tolerance [15,92–93,97–102,107–110]. Piezocomposite hydrophones are dominated by 1–3 type connectivity in which the arrangement of piezoelectric material and polymer will reduce the influence of the 31 and 32 transverse extensional modes and produce a significant improvement in hydrostatic voltage sensitivity, with a high FOM.…”

Section: Figure Of Merits (Fom) Of Piezoelectric Materials For Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piezocomposite hydrophones are dominated by 1–3 type connectivity in which the arrangement of piezoelectric material and polymer will reduce the influence of the 31 and 32 transverse extensional modes and produce a significant improvement in hydrostatic voltage sensitivity, with a high FOM. Other engineered connectivities, such as parallel-connected 2-2 composites, which are stacks of piezoelectric ceramic sheets separated by passive polymer layers, have also been investigated [97–99,101,105]. Recently, 2-2 lamellar composites consisted of relaxor-PT single crystals have been theoretically studied, giving a promising FOM of 16 pm 2 /N for a crystal volume of 25 % [107–109].…”

Section: Figure Of Merits (Fom) Of Piezoelectric Materials For Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advantages and challenges of relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals for electroacoustic transducers – A review

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Progress in Materials Science

675

339

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Relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) based ferroelectric crystals with the perovskite structure have been investigated over the last few decades due to their ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients (d33 > 1500 pC/N) and electromechanical coupling factors (k33 > 90%), far outperforming state-of-the-art ferroelectric polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics, and are at the forefront of advanced electroacoustic applications. In this review, the performance merits of relaxor-PT crystals in various electroacoustic devices are presented from a piezoelectric material viewpoint. Opportunities come from not only the ultrahigh properties, specifically coupling and piezoelectric coefficients, but through novel vibration modes and crystallographic/domain engineering. Figure of merits (FOMs) of crystals with various compositions and phases were established for various applications, including medical ultrasonic transducers, underwater transducers, acoustic sensors and tweezers. For each device application, recent developments in relaxor-PT ferroelectric crystals were surveyed and compared with state-of-the-art polycrystalline piezoelectrics, with an emphasis on their strong anisotropic features and crystallographic uniqueness, including engineered domain - property relationships. This review starts with an introduction on electroacoustic transducers and the history of piezoelectric materials. The development of the high performance relaxor-PT single crystals, with a focus on their uniqueness in transducer applications, is then discussed. In the third part, various FOMs of piezoelectric materials for a wide range of ultrasound applications, including diagnostic ultrasound, therapeutic ultrasound, underwater acoustic and passive sensors, tactile sensors and acoustic tweezers, are evaluated to provide a thorough understanding of the materials’ behavior under operational conditions. Structure-property-performance relationships are then established. Finally, the impacts and challenges of relaxor-PT crystals are summarized to guide on-going and future research in the development of relaxor-PT crystals for the next generation electroacoustic transducers.

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Section: Figure Of Merits (Fom) Of Piezoelectric Materials For Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure Of Merits (Fom) Of Piezoelectric Materials For Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages and challenges of relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals for electroacoustic transducers – A review

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Progress in Materials Science

675

339

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The displacement of the fiber can be estimated theoretically by considering the force balance between the piezoelectric material and the electrode. The longitudinal displacement (Δ L 31 ) of the solid fiber filled with an inner electrode or the hollow fiber clad with a uniform electrode can be expressed as follows 27,28 : where d 31 is the transverse piezoelectric coefficient, L is the length of the fiber, V is the electric voltage, and d is the wall thickness. E is the elastic modulus and A is the area of the material, where subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the PZN–PZT and PZN–PZT/Ag electrodes, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pzn-pzt/agmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Fibers with Uniform Internal Electrode by Co‐Extrusion Process

Yoon

Jun

Lee

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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Piezoelectric fibers with internal electrodes were fabricated by the co‐extrusion process. The initial feedrods, which were composed of an outer piezoelectric PZN–PZT layer, a thin conducting PZN–PZT/Ag layer inside, and fugitive carbon black at the center, were co‐extruded through a reduction die (1 mm) to form a continuous fiber. After thermal treatment and sintering, the PZN–PZT/Ag layer became the inner electrode, while the carbon black at the center was removed by oxidation to form an empty space. Three different types of fibers were produced: (i) solid fiber filled with an inner electrode, (ii) hollow fiber clad with a uniform inner electrode, and (iii) hollow fiber clad with a partial inner electrode. The piezoelectric properties of the fibers were evaluated in terms of their longitudinal strain (s31) or transverse displacement. When the dimensions of the fiber were 840 μm (outer diameter) × 420 μm (inner diameter) × 40 mm (length), the longitudinal strains of the solid fiber with the inner electrode and hollow fiber clad with the uniform inner electrode were 5.25 × 10−5 and 8.5 × 10−5 m/m, respectively, under an applied voltage of 100 V (0.48 kV/mm) at a frequency of 100 Hz. For the hollow fiber clad with a partial inner electrode with the same dimensions, the transverse displacement was 80 μm under the same applied electric field.

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“…For large area projectors or adaptive materials for fluid‐borne noise control, more advanced transducers need to be generated, which provide high‐power radiation with a large surface displacement, while being operated at a low voltage. However, conventional piezoceramic‐polymer composites with 1–3 or 2–2 connectivity posed difficulties in meeting these requirements because their performances are mainly dependant on the simple longitudinal piezoelectric effects 25,26 . This limitation can be eliminated if a multilayered piezoelectric component is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Multilayer Ceramic/Polymer Composite Transducer with 2–2 Connectivity

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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A multilayer piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite with 2–2 connectivity was fabricated by thermoplastic green machining after co‐extrusion. The multilayer ceramic body was composed of piezoelectrically active lead zirconate titanate (PZN)–lead zinc niobate (PZN)‐lead zirconate titanate (PZT) layers and electrically conducting PZN–PZT/Ag layers. After co‐extruding the thermoplastic body, which consisted of five piezoelectric layers interspersed with four conducting layers, it was computer numeric‐controlled machined to create periodic channels within it. Following binder burnout and sintering, an 18 vol% array of 190 μm thin PZT slabs with a channel size of 880 μm was fabricated. The channels were filled with epoxy in order to fabricate a PZN–PZT/epoxy composite with 2–2 connectivity. The piezoelectric coefficient (effective d33) and hydrostatic figure of merit (dh×gh) of the PZN–PZT/epoxy composite were 1200 pC/N and 20 130 × 10−15 m2/N, respectively. These excellent piezoelectric characteristics as well as the relatively simple fabrication procedure will contribute in widening the application range of the piezoelectric transducers.

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A new transverse piezoelectric mode 2-2 piezocomposite for underwater transducer applications

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Advantages and challenges of relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals for electroacoustic transducers – A review

Advantages and challenges of relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals for electroacoustic transducers – A review

Piezoelectric Fibers with Uniform Internal Electrode by Co‐Extrusion Process

Piezoelectric Multilayer Ceramic/Polymer Composite Transducer with 2–2 Connectivity

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