After crossing experiments between two Chironomus subspecies the HLE hybrid dysgenesis syndrome occurs non-reciprocally in the F1 hybrids if the males of each of the four Ch. th. thummi strains (HL, So, G, Kr) are crossed to females of Ch. th. piger, strain E. In hybrid egg masses, differences in the strength of the abnormal trait 'reduced egg hatch' were found between the differentpiger E ? x thummi c~ interstrain crosses. From the results it is concluded that each thummi strain has a specific hybrid dysgenesis potential which determines the severity of the HLE syndrome in the hybrids. The HLE syndrome occurs also in the hybrids of crosses of different Ch. th. thummi strains. In these hybrids the syndrome is only obtained if the male parent descends from a strain which has a higher HLE hybrid dysgenesis potential than that strain from which the female parent is derived. These results demonstrate that the HLE syndrome is not restricted to the hybrids of the thummi x piger subspecies cross. In the Ch. th. thummi interstrain crosses the hybrids of that cross direction are normal, which is reciprocal to the cross direction affected by the HLE syndrome. This is in contrast to the thummi x piger subspecies crosses, where the hybrids of one cross direction always show the HLE syndrome and the hybrids of the reciprocal cross direction the Rud syndrome. Thus, the present study also demonstrates that the HLE and Rud hybrid dysgenesis syndrome in Chironomus are independent from one another.