A new thylacocephalan crustacean from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of southern Germany and the diversity of Thylacocephala

Braig, Florian; Haug, Joachim T.; Schädel, Mario; Haug, Carolin

doi:10.18476/pale.v12.a6

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…PC 1 is mainly influenced by the relative length of the carapace (including the anterior and posterior spines), and the second dimension (PC 2) is highly weighed by shape changes due to the curvature of the dorsal and ventral margin. This result is somewhat different from that of Braig et al (2019), which is based on 40 specimens belonging to 27 species. The difference likely resulted from the different taxon selection since the current analysis is based on 32 specimens of 32 species.…”

Section: Morphometrical Analysis Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…To compare the shape of thylacocephalan carapaces, a total of 32 species, including one new genus and two new species (compared with Braig et al, 2019) were selected for the outline-based geometric morphometric analysis (see Appendix for details). All taxa selected were based on a complete carapace in lateral view, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their fossil record dates back to the Silurian (Haug et al, 2014) and possibly even earlier to the Cambrian (Vannier et al, 2006), and extends to as recently as the Late Cretaceous (Dames, 1886; Schram et al, 1999; Charbonnier et al, 2017). Multiple localities have been reported with records spanning from Europe, Central and East Asia, Madagascar, and Australia (see Schram, 2014 and Braig et al, 2019 for a review). Recently, as abundant materials were reported from Japan, South China, Italy, and North America, the Triassic appears to have been the period with the highest taxonomic richness of thylacocephalans (Table 1; Ehiro et al, 2015, 2019; Ji et al, 2017; Teruzzi and Muscio, 2018; Charbonnier et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Thylacocephala (Crustacea) assemblage from the Spathian (Lower Triassic) of Majiashan (Chaohu, Anhui Province, South China)

Tintori

Jiang

et al. 2020

J. Paleontol.

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Here we report and describe a new assemblage of Thylacocephala (Crustacea) from the late Spathian (Early Triassic) of Chaohu, Anhui Province, South China. The assemblage consists of at least three species from different genera: the small-sized Microcaris rectilineatus n. sp. appears the most abundant, while the large-sized Ankitokazocaris sp. and Diplacanthocaris chaohuensis n. gen. n. sp. are rare. A morphometric analysis of the carapace outline separates Diplacanthocaris chaohuensis n. gen. n. sp. from other genera. Along with Ankitokazocaris chaohuensis Ji et al., 2017 and Kitakamicaris sp. from the horizon 28 m above this assemblage, four different genera of Thylacocephala occur in the Chaohu Fauna. With additional materials reported from Japan and North America, the Early Triassic is now known as the period when Thylacocephala reached their highest diversity and widest geographical distribution. Thylacocephala quickly diversified shortly after the Permian–Triassic mass extinction, probably because of their ability to survive in a relatively low-oxygen environment. Thylacocephalan fossils from Chaohu are found in dense concentrations, suggesting they might have constituted a food source for the fishes and marine reptiles in the Chaohu Fauna. UUID: http://zoobank.org/b24e82a7-ea9a-49dc-9c6c-8ad8262db276

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Section: Morphometrical Analysis Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Thylacocephala (Crustacea) assemblage from the Spathian (Lower Triassic) of Majiashan (Chaohu, Anhui Province, South China)

Tintori

Jiang

et al. 2020

J. Paleontol.

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“…The 45 EFDs were finally analysed with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that resulted in the most important characters for morphological diversity in the data set. The entire procedure including the PCA was applied following Iwata and Ukai (2002) and Braig et al (2019). The results of the PCA were finally visualized using Microsoft Excel.…”

Section: Shape Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The decline of silky lacewings and morphological diversity of long-nosed antlion larvae through time

Haug¹,

Haug²,

Pazinato³

et al. 2020

Palaeontol Electron

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Psychopsidae (silky lacewings) is a species-poor ingroup of Neuroptera. Silky lacewings show a distinct relic distribution, indicating that the group was more speciesrich and diverse in the past. Silky lacewings have distinct larvae that resemble antlion larvae but differ from these in lacking teeth on their mouth parts, and in having a projecting labrum, which makes them "long-nosed antlion larvae". These larvae are well known from Myanmar amber (about 100 mya) and Baltic amber (mostly 34-38 mya, possibly 23-48 mya), as well as from the extant fauna. We report and figure numerous additional specimens from both amber types and from ca. 100 mya old French Charentese amber, expanding the known record of well-illustrated extant and fossil specimens from 26 to 52 specimens. We compare the diversity of head shape among these larvae through time by outline analysis. Results indicate that morphological diversity was pronouncedly higher in the Cretaceous, even after sample size correction. Eocene representatives are more diverse than modern representatives, but less diverse than Cretaceous ones, in one shape aspect that explains most of the overall variation (55.7%). Eocene representatives are less diverse in another shape aspect that explains the second-most variation (26.9%), but this might reflect a lack of first larval stage specimens. There seems to be no strong correlation between size and shape. This type of analysis enables a test for the loss of diversity over time, based on morphological diversity as a proxy, without the requirement of identifying fossil larvae down to a narrow taxonomical range.

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“…The statistical representation of the variation in pereopod morphology through ontogeny, was done with the aid of the software SHAPE (© National Agricultural Research Organization of Japan). An elliptic Fourier analysis was performed, following Braig et al (2019), to acquire values for a principle component analysis (PCA). The concave outline of dactyli proximal ends (as illustrated by almost all literature sources) of the selected illustrations proved to cause errors during the SHAPE analysis and had to be altered in such a way that it does not affect the principle components of interest.…”

Section: Measurements and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape of attachment structures in parasitic isopodan crustaceans: the influence of attachment site and ontogeny

Wal

Haug

2020

PeerJ

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Many fields of modern systematic biology are adult-centred. This is unfortunately also the case for Cymothoidae, an ingroup of parasitic forms of Isopoda, with fishes as hosts. Different ingroups of Cymothoidae have specialised appendages that enable their fish associated lifestyles, attaching to different sites on the body of the host. The extent to which these structures vary among species and in relation different sites of attachment, and between different ontogenetic stages, is explored here. This study presents the detailed descriptions, illustrations, comparisons, and analysis of a variety of attachment structures of 13 adult and immature specimens representing three major groups Ceratothoa, Elthusa and Anilocra, along with full focus, detailed photographs of all the examined life stages. The three groups exhibit different strategies attaching to mouth, gill and externally, respectively. A statistical representation of the morphology of the dactyli, used for attaching to the host, was performed. This included a critical comparison of 10 additional species documented in literature. This is the first comprehensive description and photographs of specialised appendage morphology of immatures of Ceratothoa, as well as the first detailed micrographs of embryonic stages of Cymothoidae, and the first lateral and ventral views of immature stages of the examined species. Immature specimens possess morphological characters that can be used to distinguish between different species, but cannot be accurately identified based on diagnostic characters of adults. Quantitative analysis indicates that ontogeny plays a major role in the shape of the attachment structures (e.g. dactyli).

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A new thylacocephalan crustacean from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of southern Germany and the diversity of Thylacocephala

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

New Thylacocephala (Crustacea) assemblage from the Spathian (Lower Triassic) of Majiashan (Chaohu, Anhui Province, South China)

New Thylacocephala (Crustacea) assemblage from the Spathian (Lower Triassic) of Majiashan (Chaohu, Anhui Province, South China)

The decline of silky lacewings and morphological diversity of long-nosed antlion larvae through time

Shape of attachment structures in parasitic isopodan crustaceans: the influence of attachment site and ontogeny

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