A new thermo set system based on cardanol benzoxazine and hydroxy benzoxazoline with lower cure temperature

Rao, B.S.; Palanisamy, Aruna

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2012.01.006

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Besides, many efforts have also been made in chemical tailoring of benzoxazine monomer based on the molecular design flexibility . Despite the obvious toughening effects reported, this method is complex and arduous in synthesis of the benzoxazine precursors.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Significant Improvement on Polybenzoxazine Toughness Achieved by Amine/Benzoxazine Copolymerization‐Induced Phase Separation

Zhao

et al. 2018

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Two commercially available amines, octanediamine (ODM) and m‐xylylenediamine (MXDM), are chosen for tough polybenzoxazine resin due to their controllable capability to cause phase separation during the copolymerization with benzoxazine monomers. The toughening behavior and phase separation of the cured resins are investigated using tensile tests and analyses of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscope, and thermal gravimetry–gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The resulting networks show remarkable toughness without obvious degradation in thermomechanical performance. Especially, when ODM/MXDM molar ratio is 1:1, an elongation rate of 10.55% and a breaking strength of 82.67 Mpa, which are 86% and 128% higher than that of the neat benzoxazine resin, respectively, are achieved. These findings open a new way to improve toughness of brittle polybenzoxazine resins.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Significant Improvement on Polybenzoxazine Toughness Achieved by Amine/Benzoxazine Copolymerization‐Induced Phase Separation

Zhao

et al. 2018

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Thus, epoxidized cardanol was synthesized by reaction of cardanol with glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide using Amberlite IR-120 as a catalyst. 153 Subsequently, a thermosetting resin system consisting of benzoxazine and epoxy deriving both from cardanol was developed. The cardanol epoxy resin contains a free phenolic function which acts as a cure accelerator for the ring opening reaction of benzoxazine besides its typical function as a hardener for epoxy resin.…”

Section: Iii2 Catalytic Epoxidation Of Natural Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of lipases as biocatalysts for the epoxidation of fatty acids and phenolic compounds

et al. 2014

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Lipases are versatile enzymes that can be used for various kinds of biocatalyzed reactions. Owing to their selectivity and their mild reaction conditions, they can be often considered as more interesting than classical chemical catalysts. Besides their application in oil and fat processes, these enzymes have proved to be very attractive for other lipase-catalyzed reactions. This review discusses the latest results where lipases are used for the epoxidation of lipid substrates (namely fatty acids and their derivatives) and phenolic compounds. This chemo-enzymatic process involves a two step synthesis where the biocatalyst acts as a perhydrolase to produce peracids, which then act as catalysts to epoxidize double bonds. Various factors govern the efficiency of the reaction in terms of kinetics, yields and enzyme stability.These parameters are evaluated and discussed herein. (Résumé d'auteur

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“…So far, some sources of bio‐based phenol and amine have been used in the preparation of bio‐based benzoxazine resin, including resorcinol, hydroquinone, eugenol, vanillin, cardanol, diphenolic acid, guaiacol, cardanol, furfurylamine, stearylamine, dehydroabietylamine etc . Rao and colleagues found that the curing initiation temperature of cardanol benzoxazine was reduced to 138 °C from 230 °C with incorporation of hydroxy benzoxazoline and its activation energy reduced initially with incorporation of hydroxyl benzoxazoline and later increased with respect to the composition of monomers in the mixture . Ishida and colleagues found that the furanic moiety in the structure of furfurylamine induces a cooperative activating effect, thus lowering the polymerization temperature, and also contributes to a better thermal stability of the resulting polymers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of a novel bio‐based benzoxazine resin with excellent low‐temperature curing ability

Zhan

Yan

Yin

et al. 2019

Polymer International

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A novel bio‐based benzoxazine resin (diphenolic acid/furfurylamine benzoxazine resin, PDPA‐F‐Boz) was prepared by using bio‐based diphenolic acid, furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde as raw materials. The structure of DPA‐F‐Boz monomer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, and then its curing reaction and the thermal stability of the cured PDPA‐F‐Boz were analyzed. Compared with the traditional fossil‐based benzoxazine (bisphenol A/aniline benzoxazine, BPA‐A‐Boz) and the bio‐based benzoxazine (diphenolic acid/aniline benzoxazine, DPA‐A‐Boz), DPA‐F‐Boz monomer showed the lowest curing temperature, and PDPA‐F‐Boz had the highest residual char ratio at 800 °C and the lowest degradation rate at the peak temperature. Meanwhile, the total heat release, peak heat release rate and heat release capacity of PDPA‐F‐Boz were much lower than those of PBPA‐A‐Boz and PDPA‐A‐Boz. Thus, PDPA‐F‐Boz showed excellent low‐temperature curing ability and thermal stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

show abstract

A new thermo set system based on cardanol benzoxazine and hydroxy benzoxazoline with lower cure temperature

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Significant Improvement on Polybenzoxazine Toughness Achieved by Amine/Benzoxazine Copolymerization‐Induced Phase Separation

Significant Improvement on Polybenzoxazine Toughness Achieved by Amine/Benzoxazine Copolymerization‐Induced Phase Separation

The use of lipases as biocatalysts for the epoxidation of fatty acids and phenolic compounds

Synthesis and properties of a novel bio‐based benzoxazine resin with excellent low‐temperature curing ability

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