A new test paradigm for social recognition evidenced by urinary scent marking behavior in C57BL/6J mice

Arakawa, Hiroyuki; Arakawa, Keiko; Blanchard, D. Caroline; Blanchard, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.02.009

Cited by 72 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…That is, inbred mouse strains-especially the C57BL/6 mice that serve as the genetic background of most transgenic strains-appear to have been artificially selected for unusual social gregariousness so that they lack the preference for familiar vs. stranger typical of outbred and rederived wild mice. This gregariousness might be caused by the reduced olfactory differentiability of inbred mice (20), although we observed that C57BL/6 mice displayed high cooccupancy (82.3 ± 9.6%) even when the other member of the dyad was a stranger of a different strain (C3H/He). It is also clear that inbred mice can differentiate between familiars and strangers, because social phenomena such as emotional contagion have been shown to be more pronounced between C57BL/ 6 cagemates than between strangers (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Social propinquity in rodents as measured by tube cooccupancy differs between inbred and outbred genotypes

Tuttle

Tansley

Dossett

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Existing assays of social interaction are suboptimal, and none measures propinquity, the tendency of rodents to maintain close physical proximity. These assays are ubiquitously performed using inbred mouse strains and mutations placed on inbred genetic backgrounds. We developed the automatable tube cooccupancy test (TCOT) based on propinquity, the tendency of freely mobile rodents to maintain close physical proximity, and assessed TCOT behavior on a variety of genotypes and social and environmental conditions. In outbred mice and rats, familiarity determined willingness to cooccupy the tube, with siblings and/or cagemates of both sexes exhibiting higher cooccupancy behavior than strangers. Subsequent testing using multiple genotypes revealed that inbred strain siblings do not cooccupy at higher rates than strangers, in marked contrast to both outbred and rederived wild mice. Mutant mouse strains with "autistic-like" phenotypes (Fmr1 −/y and Eif4e Ser209Ala) displayed significantly decreased cooccupancy.propinquity | autism | social interaction | rodent behavior | genetics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Social propinquity in rodents as measured by tube cooccupancy differs between inbred and outbred genotypes

Tuttle

Tansley

Dossett

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Mus musculus is a social species that engages in high levels of reciprocal social interactions, communal nesting, sexual and parenting behaviors, territorial scent marking and aggressive behaviors [8][9][10] . Several tests have been developed to examine social behavioral in mice (reviewed in 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Kaidanovich-Beilin

Lipina

Vukobradovic

et al. 2011

JoVE

358

293

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Social interactions are a fundamental and adaptive component of the biology of numerous species. Social recognition is critical for the structure and stability of the networks and relationships that define societies. For animals, such as mice, recognition of conspecifics may be important for maintaining social hierarchy and for mate choice A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by disruptions in social behavior and social recognition, including depression, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and schizophrenia. Studies of humans as well as animal models (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus) have identified genes involved in the regulation of social behavior 2 . To assess sociability in animal models, several behavioral tests have been developed (reviewed in 3 ). Integrative research using animal models and appropriate tests for social behavior may lead to the development of improved treatments for social psychopathologies.The three-chamber paradigm test known as Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty protocol has been successfully employed to study social affiliation and social memory in several inbred and mutant mouse lines (e.g. 4-7). The main principle of this test is based on the free choice by a subject mouse to spend time in any of three box's compartments during two experimental sessions, including indirect contact with one or two mice with which it is unfamiliar. To quantitate social tendencies of the experimental mouse, the main tasks are to measure a) the time spent with a novel conspecific and b) preference for a novel vs. a familiar conspecific. Thus, the experimental design of this test allows evaluation of two critical but distinguishable aspects of social behavior, such as social affiliation/motivation, as well as social memory and novelty. "Sociability" in this case is defined as propensity to spend time with another mouse, as compared to time spent alone in an identical but empty chamber 7 . "Preference for social novelty" is defined as propensity to spend time with a previously unencountered mouse rather than with a familiar mouse 7 . This test provides robust results, which then must be carefully analyzed, interpreted and supported/confirmed by alternative sociability tests. In addition to specific applications, Crawley's sociability test can be included as an important component of general behavioral screen of mutant mice. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/2473/ Protocol 1. Equipment and Room Set Up:1. The apparatus for Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty test is comprised a rectangular, three-chamber box. Each chamber is 19 x 45 cm and the dividing walls are made from clear Plexiglas, with an open middle section, which allows free access to each chamber. 2. Use two identical, wire cup-like containers with removable lids that large enough to hold a single mouse. These are placed vertic...

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“…Olfactory stimuli play a predominant role in determining intraspecific social behaviors [30,32] and provide information for subsequent strategies such as approach towards or avoidance of encounters [5,33]. Odor cues from animals that have long-term infection and are immunologically challenged induces avoidance responses in healthy conspecifics [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odor Cues Released by Ehrlich Tumor-Bearing Mice Are Aversive and Induce Psychological Stress

Alves¹,

Palermo-Neto²

2014

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background/Aims: This study aimed to verify if odor cues released by Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice are aversive and stressful. Methods: Female mice were divided into a control group and an experimental group. One animal of each experimental pair of mice was inoculated with 5 × 10⁶ Ehrlich tumor cells intraperitoneally; the other animal was kept undisturbed and was referred to as a CSP (companion of sick partner). One mouse of each control pair was treated intraperitoneally with 0.9% NaCl (1 mg/kg); the other animal (CHP, companion of healthy partner) was kept undisturbed. Results: It was shown that, in relation to CHP, CSP mice (1) spent less time within the companion zone in a T-maze place preference test, (2) had increased levels of social interaction, (3) had increased levels of plasmatic adrenaline and noradrenaline and (4) displayed no changes in serum corticosterone levels before and after an immobilization stress challenge. It was also shown that (5) cohabitation with 2 tumor-bearing mice was more effective in decreasing neutrophil oxidative burst than cohabitation with 1 sick partner and (6) the presence of a healthy conspecific within the cage of the tumor-injected/CSP pair abrogated the effects of cohabitation on neutrophil activity. These results show that odor cues released by Ehrlich tumor-injected mice are aversive and induce psychological stress. Conclusion: We postulate that the aversive response induced by the chemosignals released by Ehrlich tumor-injected animals activates the sympathetic nervous system and causes the neuroimmunal changes that occur in the mice cohabiting with the sick mice.

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A new test paradigm for social recognition evidenced by urinary scent marking behavior in C57BL/6J mice

Cited by 72 publications

References 62 publications

Social propinquity in rodents as measured by tube cooccupancy differs between inbred and outbred genotypes

Social propinquity in rodents as measured by tube cooccupancy differs between inbred and outbred genotypes

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Odor Cues Released by Ehrlich Tumor-Bearing Mice Are Aversive and Induce Psychological Stress

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