A new system for three-dimensional gait recording using electromagnetic tracking

Repeatability of 3D gait kinematics obtained from an electromagnetic tracking system during treadmill locomotion

“…Kobayashi et al (1997) described an ETS-based technique to acquire 3D gait kinematics, however their technique used ETS sensor axes to define segment coordinate systems {S}s and therefore was incompatible with the joint coordinate system (JCS) approach (Grood and Suntay, 1983), which is recommended by the International Society of Biomechanics (Wu and Cavanagh, 1995;Wu et al, 2002). In the JCS approach, standardised anatomical landmarks and/or functional joint centres/axes are used to define {S}s and JCSs, which facilitates direct comparison of data between laboratories.…”

Joint kinematics estimate using wearable inertial and magnetic sensing modules

“…The use of this instrumentation is constrained by the fact that the measurement volume is limited and that the relevant equipment is financially demanding. A possible alternative to this approach is the use of motion analysis systems based on electromagnetic [1,2] or ultrasound [3] technologies. But again, the ultrasound or electromagnetic fields generated by these systems are limited in volume.…”

In vitro validation and reliability study of electromagnetic skin sensors for evaluation of end range of motion positions of the hip

“…The advantages of these systems are that they can continuously record data and are inexpensive, readily available, and portable, with small sensors that can record six-degreeof-freedom (DOF) motions. The Fastrak system (Polhemus Fastrak, Colchester, Vt) has been validated for the description of hip motion in sitting tasks and gait analysis and is well established in the biomechanics literature [1,12,14,22,23,26]. However, no instrumentation and techniques have been described and validated that accurately and noninvasively measure hip motion with electromagnetic position sensors in end ROM activities, as required for the evaluation of FAI.…”