A New Synthesis of Biaryls from Aryl Halides using Aqueous Alkaline Sodium Formate with Palladium on Charcoal and Surfactant as Catalyst

The dual role of oxygen functions in coal pretreatment and liquefaction: Crosslinking and cleavage reactions

“…We followed the procedure of Bamfield and Quam [17] which involves heating a paste of bromoarenes, water, sodium formate and Pd/C. We used a 1:1 molar mixture of 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl and 4-bromobiphenyl to maximize the chances for octa(phenylene) (n= 6).…”

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Polyaniline Nanofibers as a Semi‐Heterogeneous Catalyst in Water

“…Palladium-catalyzed homocoupling reactions offer a mild alternative to the classical Ullman coupling, usually conducted with copper catalysts under rather harsh conditions. [33] Although homocoupling reactions of deactivated aryl chlorides catalyzed by heterogeneous palladium have been reported to take place even in water with moderate yields, [34] the novelty of our system is that the polyaniline nanofibers also act as the reductant, a role usually played by an external reducing agent such as formate salts, [35] hydrogen gas, [36] or zinc. [37] We tested the Pd/PANI system as catalyst for other reactions.…”

Palladium(0) catalyzed 2,2′-bipyrrole syntheses

“…We were attracted to the wide usage of Pd catalysts in coupling reactions to form carbon-carbon bonds [10a-c], such as the Stille [10b], Suzuki [10c], Heck [10d], and Sonogashira [10e] couplings, and thus introduced the Pd(0) catalyzed homo-coupling reaction into 2,2′-bipyrrole syntheses. Although Pd-C has been previously used as a catalyst in the Ullmann coupling, phase-transfer reagents and 100 °C reflux conditions are required [10].…”