“…Cho et al [9] discuss the use of tandem submerged arc welding (SAW) to increase the welding productivity process in shipbuilding; however, the weld bead profiles produced by this process often exceed acceptance criteria specified in international regulations such as AWS D1.1, ISO 5817 and NORSOK M-101. These regulations limit weld bead profiles, particularly weld bead height, due to concerns about weldment fatigue properties.…”