A new standard for predicting lung injury inflicted by Friedlander blast waves

Voort, M.M. van der; Holm, Kirsten; Kummer, P.O.; Teland, Jan Arild; Doormaal, J.C.A.M. van; Dijkers, H.P.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2016.01.014

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The authors found that the explosive loading on an individual standing in front of a reflecting surface was equivalent to the explosive loading on an individual standing in an open field for a short-duration blast wave. The authors also found that lung injuries occurred at close proximity to the blast exposure and in directions where there were fewer fragments or less debris (Van der Voort et al, 2016).…”

Section: Lung Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Another potential consequence of blast exposure is lung damage. Van der Voort et al (2016) investigated the blast-injury mechanism of lung rupture and described a method for predicting lethality caused by Friedlander blast waves. A Friedlander wave occurs when an explosive detonates in a free field with no surfaces nearby with which it can interact (Stuhmiller, Phillips, and Richmond, 1991).…”

Section: Lung Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the literature describes findings regarding lung injury (Van der Voort et al, 2016) and rib injury (El-Jawahri et al, 2009;Kang et al, 2015;Poplin et al, 2017) after blast exposure, to our knowledge, there is a lack of a unified computational model of the complete thoracic area, including the heart and related injuries, specifically in a military setting.…”

Section: What Does Computational Modeling Elucidate About Thoracic In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a Unified Multiscale Computational Model of the Human Body's Immediate Responses to Blast-Related Trauma: A Review of the Scientific Literature

Sousa¹,

McBirney²,

Hoch³

et al. 2021

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A Review of the Scientific Literature I n the early 2000s, during the first several years of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) accounted for a growing proportion of U.S. combat casualties and blast-related injuries. As incidence rates quickly rose, further research into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of blast-related injury was needed to identify those in need of care, how to determine their level of impairment, and the efficacy of various treatments and rehabilitation methods (Tanielian and Jaycox, 2008). Advancements in boundary conditions, material properties, the computational modeling of shock tubes that replicate blast waves, the use of animal models and cadavers for data, and validation have all contributed to enhance research about the human body's responses to blast exposure.Developing comprehensive blast-related injury mechanisms remains an active area of research and exploration. Computational modeling has investigated some of the human body's responses to blast-induced injuries in various body parts, from the cellular level to the tissue system level. Such modeling grants researchers the ability to assess the vulnerability of organs exposed to blast and correlations with clinically measurable injury levels. However, despite significant progress, there are several important factors that remain difficult to measure directly in real time, including the fluid mechanics of the human body (especially the brain), electrochemical and electromechanical components, and the brain's mechanobiology, such as intracranial pressure (ICP), deformations, stretch, shear stress, shear strain, and maximum principal strain (MPS).It is also important to note that, as critical as computational models highly focused on one body part or tissue system are to deepening our understanding, it is infrequent that service mem-

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Section: Lung Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Lung Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Does Computational Modeling Elucidate About Thoracic In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toward a Unified Multiscale Computational Model of the Human Body's Immediate Responses to Blast-Related Trauma: A Review of the Scientific Literature

Sousa¹,

McBirney²,

Hoch³

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A piece-wise linear model was used to describe injury risk dependent upon peak pressure and overpressure duration based on existing injury data from literature and did not further consider differences in orientation. More recently, van der Voort et al [42] proposed a 'new standard' of lung injury curves based on a theoretical study of Friedlander blast waves and numerical blast simulations which remain effectively identical to the original Bowen curves for the reflected wall scenario, but deviate from the original Bowen model for the open-field scenario [42].…”

Section: Pbi Criteria For Pulmonary Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining blast loading ‘zones of relevance’ for primary blast injury research: A consensus of injury criteria for idealised explosive scenarios

Denny

Dickinson

Langdon

2021

Medical Engineering & Physics

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Blast injuries remain a serious threat to defence and civilian populations around the world. 'Primary' blast injuries (PBIs) are caused by direct blast wave interaction with the human body, particularly affecting air-containing organs. Despite development of blast injury criteria since the 1960s, work to define blast loading conditions for safety limits, protective design and injury research has received relatively little attention. With a continued experimental focus on PBI mechanisms and idealised blast assumptions, meaningful test outcomes rely on appropriate simulated conditions. This paper critically evaluates existing predictive criteria for PBIs (grouped into those affecting the auditory system, pulmonary injuries and brain trauma) as a function of incident blast wave parameters, assuming idealised air blast scenarios. Analysis of the multi-injury criteria reveals new insights and understanding. It showed that blast conditions of relevance to realistic explosive threats are limited and they should be an important consideration in the design of clinical trials simulating blast injury. Zones of relevance for PBI research are proposed to guide experimental designs and compare future data. This work will prove valuable to blast protection engineers and clinical researchers seeking to determine blast loading conditions for safety limits, protective design requirements and injury investigations.

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“… 3 Clinical reports show that exposure to explosions can cause BLI, resulting in severe clinical manifestations such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, or even death. 4 , 5 , 6 The shock waves produced by explosion firstly reach up to the peak of overpressure in the form of a positive pressure and then decline rapidly to form a negative pressure, 7 which can cause a series of injuries, including the serious damage to lung, gastrointestinal tract, hearing organ, and other gas-containing organs. 5 , 8 Apnea, bradycardia and hypotension are the three most typical characteristics of lung blast injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

Wang

Zhang

Gao³

et al. 2020

Chinese Journal of Traumatology

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Purpose Blast lung injury (BLI) is the most common damage resulted from explosion-derived shock wave in military, terrorism and industrial accidents. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BLI induced by shock wave are still unclear. Methods In this study, a goat BLI model was established by a fuel air explosive power. The key genes involved in were identified. The goats of the experimental group were fixed on the edge of the explosion cloud, while the goats of the control group were 3 km far away from the explosive environment. After successful modeling for 24 h, all the goats were sacrificed and the lung tissue was harvested for histopathological observation and RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to identify the main enriched biological functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the consistency of gene expression. Results Of the sampled goat lungs, 895 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed, and they were involved in 52 significantly enriched GO categories. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were highly enriched in 26 pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, antifolate resistance, arachidonic acid metabolism, amoebiasis and bile secretion, JAK-STAT, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Furthermore, 15 key DEGs involved in the biological processes of BLI were confirmed by qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with RNA sequencing. Conclusion Gene expression profiling provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BLI, which will help to set strategy for treating lung injury and preventing secondary lung injury induced by shock wave.

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A new standard for predicting lung injury inflicted by Friedlander blast waves

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Toward a Unified Multiscale Computational Model of the Human Body's Immediate Responses to Blast-Related Trauma: A Review of the Scientific Literature

Toward a Unified Multiscale Computational Model of the Human Body's Immediate Responses to Blast-Related Trauma: A Review of the Scientific Literature

Defining blast loading ‘zones of relevance’ for primary blast injury research: A consensus of injury criteria for idealised explosive scenarios

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

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