A New Specimen of Pinacosaurus grangeri (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia: Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Ankylosaurs

Hill, Robert V.; Witmer, Lawrence M.; Norell, Mark A.

doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2003)395<0001:ansopg>2.0.co;2

Cited by 70 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This Camel's Hump fossiliferous horizon is the result of one such catastrophic event that preserved several dinosaurian taxa in life positions. These include Pinacosaurus grangeri (IGM 100/3186, IGM 100/1014) (Hill et al, 2003; and Shuvuuia deserti (IGM 100/977) (Chiappe et al, 1998;Schweitzer et al, 1999). The specimen was excavated over a number of days ( fig.…”

Section: Locality and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Second Specimen ofCitipati OsmolskaeAssociated With a Nest of Eggs from Ukhaa Tolgod, Omnogov Aimag, Mongolia

Norell

Balanoff

Barta

et al. 2018

American Museum Novitates

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Adult dinosaurs preserved attending their nests in brooding positions are among the rarest vertebrate fossils. By far the most common occurrences are members of the dinosaur group Oviraptorosauria. The first finds of these were specimens recovered from the Djadokhta Formation at the Mongolian locality of Ukhaa Tolgod and the Chinese locality of Bayan Mandahu. Since the initial discovery of these specimens, a few more occurrences of nesting oviraptors have been found at other Asian localities.Here we report on a second nesting oviraptorid specimen (IGM 100/1004) sitting in a brooding position atop a nest of eggs from Ukhaa Tolgod, Omnogov, Mongolia. This is a large specimen of the ubiquitous Ukhaa Tolgod taxon Citipati osmolskae. It is approximately 11% larger based on humeral length than the original Ukhaa Tolgod nesting Citipati osmolskae specimen (IGM 100/979), yet eggshell structure and egg arrangement are identical. No evidence for colonial breeding of these animals has been recovered.Reexamination of another "nesting" oviraptorosaur, the holotype of Oviraptor philoceratops (AMNH FARB 6517) indicates that in addition to the numerous partial eggs associated with the original skeleton that originally led to its referral as a protoceratopsian predator, there are the remains of a tiny theropod. This hind limb can be provisionally assigned to Oviraptoridae. It is thus at least possible that some of the eggs associated with the holotype had hatched and the perinates had not left the nest.

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Section: Locality and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Second Specimen ofCitipati OsmolskaeAssociated With a Nest of Eggs from Ukhaa Tolgod, Omnogov Aimag, Mongolia

Norell

Balanoff

Barta

et al. 2018

American Museum Novitates

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“…The premaxilla of the isolated juvenile specimen differs from that of the adult holotype in that its ventral margin is not as heavily ornamented, and serrated anteriorly and anterolaterally, Nevertheless, the ornamentation is present, in contrast with the subadult individuals of the ankylosaurid Pinacosaurus, which lack cranial ornamentation . Hill et al (2003), however, published an additional juvenile specimen of Pinacosaurus that possesses cranial ornamentation, but characterized by ''the incomplete fusion of secondary dermal ossifications to the skull roof, exposing sutural boundaries.'' On the lateral side of the Hungarian juvenile specimen no sutural boundary is observed between the premaxilla and maxilla indicating that its ornamentation covers this suture.…”

Section: Premaxilla-maxilla Fragmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

New remains of Hungarosaurus tormai (Ankylosauria, Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary: skeletal reconstruction and body mass estimation

Ősi

Makádi

2009

Paläontol. Z.

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Hungarosaurus tormai is a medium-sized nodosaurid ankylosaur that was described on the basis of four partial skeletons from the Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Hungary. In this paper, a new fifth skeleton and several isolated remains are described which greatly improve our knowledge of this primitive nodosaurid ankylosaur. Isolated cranial remains referred to juvenile individuals provide new information on the development of cranial ornamentation in nodosaurid ankylosaurs. Apart from both preserved mandibles with in situ dentition, the fifth partial skeleton contains several previously unknown limb elements (humerus, ulnae, radius) that indicate unusual limb proportions for Hungarosaurus compared with other ankylosaurs. On the basis of the five partial skeletons and the isolated remains, a skeletal and dermal armor reconstruction is attempted. Body mass calculations using three different methods yield an estimate of 650 kg for H. tormai.

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“…Ankylosaurines have unusual nasal anatomy, with complex nasal vestibules, convoluted looping nasal passages, and a high degree of vascularisation in the posterior portions of the airway (Hill et al 2003;Witmer and Ridgely 2008;Miyashita et al 2011). The border of the external naris in ankylosaurines is typically demarcated by a distinct edge on the premaxilla and the external surface of the supranarial caputegulum.…”

Section: Arbour and Mallonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Posterior to the external naris is the nasal vestibule, a concave region roofed by the nasals. The nasal vestibule contains one or more openings, the narial apertures, for the airway and sinuses (Hill et al 2003). Some Mongolian taxa, such as Saichania and Pinacosaurus, possess three or more narial apertures (Hill et al 2003;Arbour and Currie 2016); Anodontosaurus, Euoplocephalus, Zuul, and Ankylosaurus have a single folded narial aperture.…”

Section: Arbour and Mallonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nasal vestibule contains one or more openings, the narial apertures, for the airway and sinuses (Hill et al 2003). Some Mongolian taxa, such as Saichania and Pinacosaurus, possess three or more narial apertures (Hill et al 2003;Arbour and Currie 2016); Anodontosaurus, Euoplocephalus, Zuul, and Ankylosaurus have a single folded narial aperture. The external nares of most ankylosaurines are anteriorly to anterolaterally oriented (e.g., Maryańska 1977;Vickaryous et al 2004;Arbour and Currie 2016), but the external nares in Ankylosaurus are located posteriorly relative to other ankylosaurs, and open ventrolaterally (Figs.…”

Section: Arbour and Mallonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris

Arbour

Mallon

2017

FACETS

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Ankylosaurus magniventris is an iconic dinosaur species often depicted in popular media. It is known from relatively fragmentary remains compared with its earlier and smaller relatives such as Euoplocephalus and Anodontosaurus. Nevertheless, the known fossils of Ankylosaurus indicate that it had diverged significantly in cranial and postcranial anatomy compared with other Laramidian ankylosaurines. In particular, the dentition, narial region, tail club, and overall body size differ substantially from other Campanian-Maastrichtian ankylosaurines. We review the anatomy of this unusual ankylosaur using data from historic and newly identified material and discuss its palaeoecological implications.

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A New Specimen of Pinacosaurus grangeri (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia: Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Ankylosaurs

Cited by 70 publications

References 22 publications

A Second Specimen ofCitipati OsmolskaeAssociated With a Nest of Eggs from Ukhaa Tolgod, Omnogov Aimag, Mongolia

A Second Specimen ofCitipati OsmolskaeAssociated With a Nest of Eggs from Ukhaa Tolgod, Omnogov Aimag, Mongolia

New remains of Hungarosaurus tormai (Ankylosauria, Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary: skeletal reconstruction and body mass estimation

Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris

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