A new specific antibody reveals octopamine‐like immunoreactivity in cockroach ventral nerve cord

Eckert, Manfred; Rapus, Jürgen; Nürnberger, Asja; Penzlin, Heinz

doi:10.1002/cne.903220102

Cited by 92 publications

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confidence: 99%

“…A detailed description of the antiserum preparation procedure and the specificity tests was given by Eckert et al (1992). Two other anti-octopamine antisera were used for neuromuscular junction staining that were raised in the laboratory of Dr. E.A.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain octopaminergic DUM neurons have also been revealed by the sulphide silver-staining method, which detects endogenous copper, a cofactor of the octopamine biosynthetic enzyme tyramine β-hydroxylase (Siegler et al, 1991). Recently, antibodies highly specific to octopamine have been developed that facilitate more definitive mapping of octopaminergic neurons in the nervous systems of several animals (Konings et al, 1988;Eckert et al, 1992;Stevenson et al, 1992;Schneider et al, 1993).In Drosophila melanogaster, there is good evidence that the amines octopamine, 5-HT, and dopamine are utilized in the nervous system (reviewed by Restifo and White, 1990). For example, electrophysiological studies suggest effects of octopamine on the adult neuromuscular junction (Dudai et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the unpaired median neurons have received much attention in several insect species because of their unique morphological and physiological properties (reviewed in Evans, 1985). In locusts, cockroaches, and cricket ventral ganglia, most, if not all, of the peripherally projecting dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons contain octopamine in addition to ventrally located unpaired median neurons (VUMs; see, e.g., Eckert et al, 1992;Stevenson et al, 1992). In the abdominal ganglia of Manduca sexta larvae and adults, OA-IRy has been detected in two VUMs in the posterior region of each segment that have been compared to the DUMs described in other insects (Pflüger et al, 1993).…”

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Octopamine immunoreactivity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Monastirioti¹,

Gorczyca²,

Rapus³

et al. 1995

J of Comparative Neurology

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Octopamine has been proposed as a neurotransmitter/modulator/hormone serving a variety of physiological functions in invertebrates. We have initiated a study of octopamine in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which provides an excellent system for genetic and molecular analysis of neuroactive molecules. As a first step, the distribution of octopamine immunoreactivity was studied by means of an octopamine-specific antiserum. We focused on the central nervous system (CNS) and on the innervation of the larval body wall muscles. The larval octopamine neuronal pattern was composed of prominent neurons along the midline of the ventral ganglion, whereas brain lobes were devoid of immunoreactive somata. However, intense immunoreactive neuropil was observed both in the ventral ganglion and in the brain lobes. Some of the immunoreactive neurons sent peripheral fibers that innervated most of the muscles of the larval body wall. Octopamine immunoreactivity was observed at neuromuscular junctions in all larval stages, being present in a well-defined subset of synaptic boutons, type II. Octopamine immunoreactivity in the adult CNS revealed many additional neurons compared to the larval CNS, indicating that at least a subset of adult octopamine neurons may differentiate during metamorphosis. Major octopamineimmunoreactive neuronal clusters and neuronal processes were observed in the subesophageal ganglion, deutocerebrum, and dorsal protocerebrum, and intense neuropil staining was detected primarily in the optic lobes and in the central complex.Keywords octopamine neuron; insect nervous system; neuromuscular junction; synaptic bouton; immunocytochemistry Biogenic amines as chemical messengers in the nervous system of arthropods are thought to play crucial roles in several aspects of their behavior (reviewed by Bicker and Menzel, 1989). Octopamine, one of the biogenic amines extensively studied in invertebrates, has been proposed as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurohormone in a variety of physiological processes (for reviews, see David and Coulon, 1985;Evans, 1985Evans, , 1992 Address reprint requests to Dr. Maria Monastirioti, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Bicker and Menzel, 1989). In crustaceans, octopamine has been implicated in the neuromodulation of rapid response circuits controlling the escape behavior of crayfish (Glanzman and Krasne, 1983) and in the aggressive and submissive postures in lobsters (reviewed by Kravitz, 1988). In a variety of insect species, octopamine has been implicated in both central and peripheral neural functions. It stimulates activity of the firefly light organ (Nathanson, 1979), induces flight motor activity, and acts as neurotransmitter/modulator in the locust central nervous system (CNS; Sombati and Hoyle, 1984). Octopamine regulates hormone release in cockroaches (Downer et al., 1984), induces lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in crickets (Fields ...

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Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunocytochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Octopamine immunoreactivity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Monastirioti¹,

Gorczyca²,

Rapus³

et al. 1995

J of Comparative Neurology

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184

170

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“…Also in cockroaches, OA changes the gain of specific synapses for escape (Goldstein and Camhi, 1991;Casagrand and Ritzmann, 1992) and modulates the activity of OA neurons (Achenbach et al, 1997). Cockroach octopaminergic cells have been mapped in each ganglion of the nerve cord (Eckert et al, 1992;Sinakevitch et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine partially restores walking in hypokinetic cockroaches stung by the parasitoid waspAmpulex compressa

Rosenberg

Glusman

Libersat

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY When stung by the parasitoid wasp Ampulex compressa, cockroaches Periplaneta americana enter a hypokinetic state that is characterized by little, if any, spontaneous locomotor activity. In the present study we investigate the effect of an octopamine receptor agonist and an antagonist on the locomotor behavior of stung and control cockroaches. We show that in cockroaches stung by a wasp the octopamine receptor agonist chlordimeform induces a significant increase in spontaneous walking. In good agreement, in control individuals an octopamine receptor antagonist significantly reduces walking activity. Adipokinetic hormone I (AKH-I) promotes spontaneous walking in controls but does not do so in stung individuals, which suggests that the venom effect is most probably not mediated by AKH-I. Dopamine receptor agonists or antagonists had no significant effect on the spontaneous walking of stung or control cockroaches, respectively. The effect of the octopamine receptor agonist was maximal when injected into the brain, suggesting that the wasp venom interferes with octopaminergic modulation of walking initiation in central structures of the cockroach brain.

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Anatomy and targets of dorsal unpaired median neurones in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the male cockroachPeriplaneta americana L.

et al. 1996

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The morphology of the Dorsal Unpaired Median (DUM) neurones in the Terminal Abdominal Ganglion (TAG) of the adult male cockroach Periplaneta americana were described based on wholemount preparations and paraffin sections and by using anterograde and retrograde cobalt mapping, octopamine-like immunohistochemistry, and double immunofluorescence technique with both conjugated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and octopamine antisera. Among 60 +/- 6 neurones with large somata (diameter 40 to 60 microns) on the dorsal midline surface of the TAG that were stained with toluidine blue, about 36 efferent DUM neurones exhibited octopamine-like immunoreactivity. The DUM neurones were arranged in three clusters (anterior, median and posterior) corresponding to the 7th-11th abdominal ganglia of the fused TAG. Anterior efferent DUM neurones with one, two, and four pairs of lateral neurites entered segmental nerves VIIB; VIIB and phallic nerves; IXB and phallic nerves; VIIIA, IXA, X, and IX, respectively. Three octopamine-like immunoreactive DUM neurones innervating heart chambers via segmental nerves (VIIA, VIIIA, and IXA) in the last abdominal segments occurred within abdominal ganglia 7, 8, and 9. Together with octopamine-like immunoreactive efferent DUM neurones, GABA-like immunoreactive dorsal midline neurones with small somata (10 to 20 microns) also occurred within the median group. The spatial distribution of DUM neurones in the TAG suggested that they had their origins in the median neuroblast, as for DUM neurones in the grasshopper.

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A new specific antibody reveals octopamine‐like immunoreactivity in cockroach ventral nerve cord

Cited by 92 publications

References 55 publications

Octopamine immunoreactivity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Octopamine immunoreactivity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Octopamine partially restores walking in hypokinetic cockroaches stung by the parasitoid waspAmpulex compressa

Anatomy and targets of dorsal unpaired median neurones in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the male cockroachPeriplaneta americana L.

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