A new species of Tritrichomonas (Sarcomastigophora: Trichomonida) from the domestic cat (Felis catus)

Walden, Heather Stockdale; Dykstra, Christine C.; Dillon, A. Ray; Rodning, Soren P.; Givens, Daniel; Bird, Richard M.; Newton, Joseph C.; Lindsay, David S.

doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3381-8

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In electron microscopy results obtained were similar to those of the optical microscopy for T. foetus isolates from cats and were similar to those reported in the literature for bovine and feline strains described in other studies , Frey et al 2009, Midlej et al 2011, Walden et al 2013. The ultrastructural analysis has been used for a long time to better understand the structure of different organisms and potential drug targets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[Co-infecção por Tritrichomonas foetus e Pentatrichomonas hominis em gatos assintomáticos.] Tritrichomonas foetus, um parasito bem conhecido por seu significado como um agente patogênico transmitido venereamente em bovinos, também foi identificado como causa de diarreia crónica do intestino grosso em gatos domésticos em muitos países. No Brasil, vários estudos sobre o diagnósti-co de tricomonose bovina foram realizados, mas até agora, não há informação disponível em relação à trichomonose felina. Assim, este é o primeiro estudo a relatar a ocorrência Tritrichomonas foetus, a parasite well known for its significance as a venereally transmitted pathogen in cattle, has been identified as a cause of chronic large bowel diarrhea in domestic cats in many countries of the world. In Brazil, several studies on the diagnosis of bovine trichomoniasis have been performed, but until now, no study was made regarding feline trichomoniasis. Thus, this is the first study to report the occurrence of T. foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in cats using morphological and molecular analysis. Feces from 77 cats were examined, four of which (5.2%) were positive for the presence of parabasalids. Morphological analysis of stained smears revealed piriform trophozoites showing the three anterior flagella, elongated nucleus and axostyle ending abruptly in fillet, characteristic of T. foetus. In scanning and transmission electron microscopy, identification characters similar to those previously reported for T. foetus were observed. The cultures containing trophozoites were submitted for molecular analysis, which resulted positive for T. foetus DNA using specific primers (TFR3 and TFR4), and all samples were positive and subjected to sequencing in which they showed 99.7-100% similarity with another isolate sequencing of T. foetus (JX960422). Although no trophozoite with consistent morphology of P. hominis has been visualized in the samples, differential diagnosis was performed using specific primers for P. hominis (TH3 and TH5) amplicon. In three of the four samples (3.89%) sequencing revealed 100% similarity when compared with another sequence of P. hominis deposited in Genbank (KC623939). Therefore, the present study revealed through the diagnostic techniques employed the simultaneous infection by T. foetus and P. hominis in the feces of cats. However, it was necessary to use more than one technique for the diagnosis of the co-infection. These results demonstrate the importance of a correct diagnosis to allow an appropriate treatment by the veterinarian.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

et al. 2015

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“…Sequencing of T. foetus isolated in the present study GenBank accession no. KX267765 showed 100% identity to homologous sequences of T. foetus isolated from other domestic cats in USA, AF466749 (Levy et al 2003) and EU569309 (Stockdale et al 2007, Walden et al 2013; Switzerland, JN006994 (Reinmann et al 2012); French, JX960422 (Profizi et al 2013); Norway, HM856630 (Tysnes et al 2011) and EF165538 (Dahlgren et al 2007); and Australia, GU170216 ) and JX187000 (Slapeta et al 2012). Furthermore, revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (T>C) when compared with T. foetus isolated from cattle, similar to the findings previously described .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…U85967 (Felleisen et al 1998) and T. blagburni sequences, GenBank accession nos. EU569301 -EU569312 (Walden et al 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cats that were experimentally infected with T. foetus isolates from heifers and heifers that were infected with T. foetus isolates from cats showed no similarities on the infectivity and pathogenicity (Stockdale et al 2007, Stockdale et al 2008. A recent study suggested that T. foetus isolated from feces of different cats may belong to new specie, which would justify the use of a new name, Tritrichomonas blagburni (Walden et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of natural occurrence of Tritrichomonas foetus in cats in Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2018

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RESUMO.-[Detecção da ocorrência natural deThe aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Tritrichomonas foetus in cats in the area surrounding the city of Araçatuba municipality, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Fecal samples from 129 cats were collected by rectal flush technique. It was compared two diagnosis methods, direct examination of feces and PCR. The presence of T. foetus DNA was verified using PCR by amplification of 347-bp fragment from the primers TFR3 and TFR4 and amplicons of positive cases were sequenced. Statistical analyses were performed investigating the associations between T. foetus infection with gender, age, breed, presence of diarrhea and/or history of diarrhea, previous treatment, lifestyle, origin, environment, and co-infection. T. foetus was observed in one sample (n=129) by direct microscopic examination of feces while PCR was positive in five samples (3.9%). Giardia species and Cryptosporidium species co-infection was also observed. Statistical analyses showed no significant associations between T. foetus infection and all listed factors, although most positive cats were asymptomatic and lived in multi-cat household. The isolates of T. foetus showed 100% identical sequences with other T. foetus isolates from cats around the world. So, the occurrence of T. foetus was confirmed in cats in Araçatuba city (Brazil). This parasite must be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with diarrhea and also in asymptomatic carriers as source of infection in multi-cat environments.

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“…isolated in band-tailed pigeons and tritrichomonads infecting cattle and cats requires further analysis, particularly given recent findings that distinguish the feline agent of large-bowel diarrhea, T. blagburni, from the bovine agent of abortion in cattle, T. foetus (Walden et al, 2013). Our preliminary analysis of the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 region indicates a feline origin of tritrichomonads isolated in band-tailed pigeons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Dual-pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population

Girard

Rogers

Woods

et al. 2014

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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b s t r a c tThe Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) is a migratory game bird of North America that is at risk for population decline. Epidemics of avian trichomonosis caused by upper digestive tract infection with Trichomonas spp. protozoa in these and other doves and pigeons of the United States are sporadic, but can involve tens of thousands of birds in a single event. Herein, we analyze the role of trichomonosis in band-tailed pigeon mortality and relate spatial, temporal and demographic patterns of parasite transmission to the genetic background of the infecting organism. Infections were most common in adult birds and prevalence was high in band-tailed pigeons sampled at mortality events (96%) and rehabilitation centers (36%) compared to those that were hunter-killed (11%) or live-caught (4%). During non-epidemic periods, animals were primarily infected with T. gallinae Fe-hydrogenase subtype A2, and were less often infected with either T. gallinae subtype A1 (the British finch epidemic strain), T. stableri n. sp. (a T. vaginalis-like species), or Tritrichomonas blagburni n. sp.-like organisms. Birds sampled during multiple epidemics in California were only infected with T. gallinae subtype A2 and T. stableri. The non-clonal etiology of avian trichomonosis outbreaks in band-tailed pigeons and the risk of spill-over to raptor and passerine species highlights the need for additional studies that clarify the host range and evolutionary relationships between strains of Trichomonas spp. in regions of trichomonosis endemicity.

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A new species of Tritrichomonas (Sarcomastigophora: Trichomonida) from the domestic cat (Felis catus)

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

Detection of natural occurrence of Tritrichomonas foetus in cats in Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil

Dual-pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population

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