A New Species of the Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus Group from Central Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

Abstract

The Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus group was recently defined and the status of taxa as well as the number of species was revised. We report here the discovery of a new species from Kon Tum plateau of the Truong Son (Annamite) Range of Central Vietnam, which we describe based on morphological and molecular evidence. Molecular phylogeny shows that the new taxon, G. (P.) wenlingae Hu, Cotton & Monastyrskii sp. nov., is sister to G. (P.) daiyuanae Hu, Zhang & Cotton, 2018 plus G. (P.) confucius Hu, Duan & Cotton, 2018. Molecular dating analysis further suggests that this new species diverged from its sister clade in the Pliocene (~3.5 million years ago). The new taxon constitutes the eighth and southernmost species of the mandarinus group.

Revision of Pazala Moore, 1888: The Graphium (Pazala) alebion and G. (P.) tamerlanus Groups, with Notes on Taxonomic and Distribution Confusions (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

“…Second, Lepage et al (2007) and Rehm et al (2011) showed that the autocorrelated clock model generally offers the best fit, as compared to the uncorrelated model and a strict molecular clock model. Unlike previous dating analyses on Pazala (Hu et al 2018(Hu et al , 2019, which relied on the TK02 clock model, better dating results were obtained in the present study using the IGR clock model.…”

“…The Bayesian molecular dating analysis reached convergence (ESS >> 200) and estimated similar divergence times as those reported in Hu et al (2018Hu et al ( , 2019. These results indicate that the Pazala species groups all originated in the late Miocene (i.e.…”

“…Freshly collected specimens were also carefully examined, dissected, and used for molecular phylogenetic analyses. Although our analyses did not discover any cryptic species or new subspecies like the preceding studies (Hu et al 2018;Hu et al 2019), some note-worthy historical, taxonomic, and distributional confusion in museum collections and literature were discovered. Zootaxa 4759 (1) © 2020 Magnolia Press The aims of the present study are the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships of known species and subspecies of the two groups, estimation of molecular divergence times of all recognised taxa of the two groups, and comparison of male and female genitalia.…”

“…The alebion group is relatively old in phylogenetic position, diverging before all other species in subgenus Pazala. Unlike other groups that possess subspecies and cryptic taxa throughout their distribution range (Racheli & Cotton 2009;Hu et al 2018;Hu et al 2019), there is no taxon diversity within the alebion group. G. (P.) alebion is the only species in this group, and our analyses did not identify any new taxa.…”

“…We calibrated the following nodes: (i) the root of the tree (crown of Leptocircini) set between 27.6 and 43.4 million years ago (Ma); (ii) the crown between Iphiclides and Lamproptera set between 20.8 and 35.5 Ma; (iii) the crown of the genus Graphium set between 21.2 and 35.7 Ma; and (iv) the crown of the subgenus Graphium set between 14.4 and 29.7 Ma. Following Hu et al (2018Hu et al ( , 2019, Graphium agamemnon (KC970100) and G. sarpedon (KF401961) were added to the molecular dataset to better calibrate the molecular clock.…”