“…Concerning ectoparasites, different studies carried out in Maranhão State, as well as in other Brazilian states, have shown that the incidence of these organisms in fish is a common issue, whether in fish farms or the natural environment (Cunha 2015, Rodrigues et al 2017, Fujimoto et al 2019, Leite et al 2020. It is worth emphasizing that parasitism in fish is a challenge, regardless of the season of the year, due to the complexity of factors involved in it, such as the ones inherent to hosts (age, immunological status, intercurrent diseases, among others), parasitic agents (species and pathogenicity) or the environment (climate, local hygiene, biosecurity, reservoirs, among others).…”