A new species of Rock Gecko genus Cnemaspis (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Western Sarawak, Malaysia

Kurita, Takaki; Nishikawa, Kanto; Matsui, Masafumi; Hikida, Tsutomu

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4258.6.2

Cited by 797 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…We compared the specimens to specimens and descriptions of all congeners (Appendix 1). Some of the information on character states and their distribution in other Southeast Asian species were obtained from Grismer et al (2014a), Amarasinghe et al (2015), Iskandar et al (2017), and Kurita et al (2017). All type specimens were deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Southeast Asia, Cnemaspis ranges from southern Laos in the north, southward through Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, and the Thai-Malay Peninsula, eastward to Borneo through the Seribuat, Anambas and Natuna archipelagoes, and southward to Sumatra and the Mentawai Archipelago (de Rooij, 1915;Grismer et al 2010Grismer et al , 2013Grismer et al , 2014aWood et al 2013;Amarasinghe et al 2015;Iskandar et al 2017). The genus Cnemaspis Strauch currently includes 135 recognized species (Uetz et al 2017), five of which are present on Borneo: C. kendallii (Gray, 1845), C. nigridia (Smith, 1925), C. dringi , C. paripari Grismer & Chan, 2009 and C. leucura Kurita, Nishikawa, Matsui & Hikida, 2017. Several new species have been described from Indonesia in recent years (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new species of Rock Gecko of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Belitung Island, Indonesia

Riyanto

Hamidy

Sidik

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

729

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A new species of rock gecko of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch is described from Belitung Island, Indonesia. The new species is differentiated from all other species in the Southern Sunda clade (sensu Grismer et al. 2014a) by having a unique combination of characters including: (1) a maximum SVL of 54.1 mm, (2) five or six postmental scales, (3) enlarged submetacarpal scales on the first finger, (4) enlarged submetatarsal scales on the first toe, (5) keeled ventral scales, (6) absence of precloacal pores, (7) absence of enlarged femoral scales, (8) absence of shield-like subtibial scales, (9) caudal tubercles encircling the tail, (10) an interrupted median row of enlarged keeled subcaudals, (11) presence of a distinct furrow on the lateral surface of the tail (12) 22-24 lamellae beneath fourth toe, and (13) two postcloacal tubercles on each side of the tail base.Key words: Cnemaspis, Belitung Island, Indonesia, new species AbstrakSpesies baru cicak batu marga Cnemaspis Strauch telah dipertelakan dari pulau Belitung, Indonesia dan dapat dibedakan dari kerabatnya dalam klan Sunda Selatan (menurut Grismer dkk 2014a) berdasarkan kombinasi unik karakter yang meliputi: (1) maksimum SVL 50.8 mm, (2) lima atau enam sisik postmental, (3) terdapat sisik besar submetakarpal pada jari pertama tungkai depan, (4) sisik besar submetatarsal pada jari pertama tungkai bawah, (5) sisik perut berlunas, (6) tidak terdapat lubang prekloakal, (7) tidak terdapat sisik besar pada paha, (8) tidak terdapat sisik subtibial, (9) struktur tubercular mengelilingi ekor membentuk formasi cincin, (10) sisi samping ekor terdapat alur yang jelas, (11) barisan sisik besar tengah subkaudal tidak dalam rentengan, (12) 22-24 lamela pada jari ke-empat tungkai belakang, dan (13) dua struktur tuberkular belakang kloaka di masing-masing dinding pangkal ekor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of Rock Gecko of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Belitung Island, Indonesia

Riyanto

Hamidy

Sidik

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

729

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“…Secondly, competition from other geckos, including other sympatric Cnemaspis congeners, might also led to the temporal niche partition, leading to the somewhat inconsistent relationship between diel niche and sympatry between Cnemaspis and Cyrtodactylus species. For example, it has been reported that Cnemaspis congeners could have sympatric distribution and temporal niche partition (C. kendallii versus C. nigridia, C. leucura versus C. kendallii and C. monachorum versus C. roticanai 12,27,28 ). Furthermore, competition pressure might also come from nocturnal geckos other than Cyrtodactylus species, as they are abundant in Southeast Asia 29 .…”

Section: Discussion Temporal Niche Responses To Competition and Envirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympatric competitors have driven the evolution of temporal activity patterns in Cnemaspis geckos in Southeast Asia

Nguyen

Hung

Yang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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it is often assumed that animals' temporal activity patterns are highly conserved throughout evolution. While most geckos are nocturnal, the species in the Cnemaspis genus are mostly diurnal (only a few are nocturnal). this raises a question about the evolution of a diel niche in the Cnemaspis genus. Cnemaspis geckos are distributed across Southeast Asia and are often sympatric with Cyrtodactylus, another widespread gecko genus in the same area. Since both genera are mainly rocky habitat specialists, we hypothesize that Cyrtodactylus may influence the temporal activity pattern of Cnemaspis when they are sympatric through competition. By analyzing habitat data, diel activity, and the existence of sympatric Cyrtodactylus species across the phylogeny of the Cnemaspis genus, we found (1) strong phylogenetic signals in the habitat use trait but not in temporal activity, suggesting that the diel niche of this genus is more labile compared with habitat niche, and (2) a significant association with the temporal activity pattern of Cnemaspis and the sympatry between the two genera, with the former tending to be diurnal when they are sympatric. Originated from a diurnal common ancestor, the release from competition with Cyrtodactylus species might open an opportunity for some Cnemaspis species to shift to nocturnal niches.

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“…In spite of the contribution to long‐term population shrinkage, habitat specialization may also play a critical role in facilitating differentiation among populations. Among a total of 55 species in Cnemaspis , there are more than 30 rocky habitat specialists, most of which have restricted distributions (Grismer et al, ; Grismer, Wood, Quah et al, ; Grismer, Wood, Tri et al, ; Kurita, Nishikawa, Matsui, & Hikida, ; Wood et al, ). In addition to Cnemaspis species, several Cyrtodactylus geckos also occupy these small hills in the Mekong Delta; and all show extremely limited distributional ranges (Grismer, Wood, Quah et al, ; Grismer, Wood, Tri et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in Cnemaspis, there are more than 30 rocky habitat specialists, most of which have restricted distributions (Grismer et al, 2014;Grismer, Wood, Quah et al, 2015;Grismer, Wood, Tri et al, 2015;Kurita, Nishikawa, Matsui, & Hikida, 2017;Wood et al, 2017). In addition to Cnemaspis species, several Cyrtodactylus geckos also occupy these small hills in the Mekong Delta; and all show extremely limited distributional ranges (Grismer, Wood, Quah et al, 2015;Grismer, Wood, Tri et al, 2015).…”

Section: Strong Isolation Has Facilitated Speciation Among Habitat mentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical demography of four gecko species specializing in boulder cave habitat: Implications in the evolutionary dead end hypothesis and conservation

Nguyen

Chu

et al. 2019

Molecular Ecology

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Specialization in narrow ecological niches may not only help species to survive in competitive or unique environments but also contribute to their extermination over evolutionary time. Although the “evolutionary dead end” hypothesis has long been debated, empirical evidence from species with detailed information on niche specialization and evolutionary history remains rare. Here we use a group of four closely related Cnemaspis gecko species that depend highly on granite boulder caves in the Mekong Delta to investigate the potential impact of ecological specialization on their evolution and population dynamics. Isolated by unsuitable floodplain habitats, these boulder‐dwelling geckos are among the most narrowly distributed Squamata in the world. We applied several coalescence‐based approaches combined with the RAD‐seq technique to estimate their divergence times, gene flow and demographic fluctuations during the speciation and population differentiation processes. Our results reveal long‐term population shrinkage in the four geckos and limited gene flow during their divergence. The results suggest that the erosion and fragmentation of the granite boulder hills have greatly impacted population divergence and declines. The habitat specialization of these geckos has led to fine‐scaled speciation in these granite rocky hills; in contrast, specialization might also have pushed these species toward the edge of extinction. Our study also emphasizes the conservation urgency of these vulnerable, cave‐dependent geckos.

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A new species of Rock Gecko genus Cnemaspis (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Western Sarawak, Malaysia

Cited by 797 publications

References 0 publications

A new species of Rock Gecko of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Belitung Island, Indonesia

A new species of Rock Gecko of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Belitung Island, Indonesia

Sympatric competitors have driven the evolution of temporal activity patterns in Cnemaspis geckos in Southeast Asia

Historical demography of four gecko species specializing in boulder cave habitat: Implications in the evolutionary dead end hypothesis and conservation

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