A new species of Protandrena Cockerell from Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae)*

Abstract

Protandrena avulsa new species, from Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil) is described and illustrated. This species is unique within Protandrena for its well-developed pronotal lamella, similar to what is found in Pseudopanurgus and Parapsaenythia, and by its protuberant interantennal area. This is the first record of this bee genus in Brazil.

Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of the bee genus Parapsaenythia Friese (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Protandrenini), with biogeographic inferences for the South American Chacoan Subregion

“…For the study and drawing of the male genitalia, the terminalia were detached from the metasoma, cleared in a 10% KOH solution for 24 h, neutralized in acetic acid and stored in glycerin. In addition to all species of Parapsaenythia with known males, male genitalia of the outgroup are also illustrated here, except for Protandrena avulsa , for which drawings were presented in Ramos & Melo (2006). Measurements were taken from type material and are presented in millimetres.…”

“…This relationship is supported by several putative synapomorphies: a well‐developed transverse pronotal lamella [character 7(1)], conspicuous lateral line of T2 [character 27(1)], strong postgradular depression in the male [character 21(1)] and marginal zone of male metasomal terga smooth and shiny [character 26(1)]. Although an important diagnostic feature of Parapsaenythia , the pronotal lamella is also present in other Protandrenini genera, such as Pseudopanurgus Cockerell, and in females of Chaeturginus Oliveira & Moure (see Ramos & Melo, 2006). It seems that it evolved independently in several other groups of bees, as did the presence of a strong postgradular depression on T2–T5 in males (Ruz, 1986; Michener, 2000).…”

“…Phylogenetic studies within Protandrenini are scarce and the current classification is quite precarious, with many undescribed species that cannot be attributed easily to existing genera, especially in the South American fauna (e.g. Schlindwein & Moure, 1998; Michener, 2000; Silveira et al , 2002; Ruz & Chiappa, 2004; Ramos & Melo, 2006).…”

Three new genera of Protandrenini bees from South America (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae)

“…1E); mandible simple; T2 with shallow lateral fovea; genitalia lacking a basal sclerite. Ramos and Melo (2006) provided additional diagnostic characters that distinguish Austellurgus from other genera of Protandrenini. The presence of a well-developed pronotal lamella is only found in Pseudopanurgus Cockerell, Parapsaenythia Friese, and females of Chaeturginus Oliveira & Moure.…”

Andinopanurgus, a new Andean subgenus of Protandrena (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae)

“…These species are morphologically distinctive and, as in other temperate South American Protandrena s.l. (e.g., Ruz and Chiappa 2004 ; Ramos and Melo 2006 ), they could not be assigned to any of the available subgenera. Although tropical Andean bees are still poorly documented and underrepresented in collections, recent appraisals of museum specimens have revealed a couple of additional new panurgine species belonging to this same group.…”