A new species of <i>Pinnarctidion</i> from the Pysht Formation of Washington State (U.S.A.) and a phylogenetic analysis of basal pan-pinnipeds (Eutheria, Carnivora)

Everett, Christopher J.; Demeré, Thomas A.; Wyss, André R.

doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2178930

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The Eastern North Pacific Region is recognized as one of the most prolific sources for early marine mammals belonging to various groups, particularly desmostylians, pinnipeds, and early mysticetes ( Emlong, 1966 ; Russel, 1968 ; Domning, Ray & McKenna, 1986 ; Berta, 1991 ; Ray, Domning & McKenna, 1994 ; Barnes et al, 1995 ; Barnes & Goedert, 2001 ; Beatty, 2006 ; Beatty & Cockburn, 2015 ; Marx, Tsai & Fordyce, 2015 ; Marx et al, 2016b ; Peredo & Uhen, 2016 ; Peredo & Pyenson, 2018 ; Peredo et al, 2018 ; Poust & Boessenecker, 2018 ; Shipps, Peredo & Pyenson, 2019 ; Solis-Añorve, Gozález-Barba & Hernández-Rivera, 2019 ; Hernández Cisneros, 2018 ; Hernández Cisneros, 2022 ; Hernández Cisneros & Nava-Sánchez, 2022 ; Everett, Deméré & Wyss, 2023 ). However, while odontocetes have also been found in these Oligocene-age units, and have been remarked in the literature in non-taxonomic context ( e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pysht Fm. has a rich fossil record of marine tetrapods, including plotopterids ( Olson, 1980 ; Dyke, Wang & Habib, 2011 ; Mayr & Goedert, 2016 ), desmostylians ( Domning, Ray & McKenna, 1986 ; Ray, Domning & McKenna, 1994 ), aetiocetids ( Barnes et al, 1995 ; Shipps, Peredo & Pyenson, 2019 ), stem mysticetes ( Peredo & Uhen, 2016 ), pinnipeds ( Everett, Deméré & Wyss, 2023 ) and many others still remaining to be described ( Whitmore Jr & Sanders, 1977 ; Hunt Jr & Barnes, 1994 ; Barnes, Goedert & Furusawa, 2001 ; Marx et al, 2016b ). The fossils described in this work demonstrate that stem odontocetes were more diverse in the North Pacific Region during the Oligocene and hint at the presence of clade of stem odontocetes that were geographically confined to this region in a pattern that parallels aetiocetid mysticetes ( Hernández Cisneros & Vélez-Juarbe, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New heterodont odontocetes from the Oligocene Pysht Formation in Washington State, U.S.A., and a reevaluation of Simocetidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)

Vélez‐Juarbe

2023

PeerJ

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Odontocetes first appeared in the fossil record by the early Oligocene, and their early evolutionary history can provide clues as to how some of their unique adaptations, such as echolocation, evolved. Here, three new specimens from the early to late Oligocene Pysht Formation are described further increasing our understanding of the richness and diversity of early odontocetes, particularly for the North Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the new specimens are part of a more inclusive, redefined Simocetidae, which now includes Simocetus rayi, Olympicetus sp. 1, Olympicetus avitus, O. thalassodon sp. nov., and a large unnamed taxon (Simocetidae gen. et sp. A), all part of a North Pacific clade that represents one of the earliest diverging groups of odontocetes. Amongst these, Olympicetus thalassodon sp. nov. represents one of the best known simocetids, offering new information on the cranial and dental morphology of early odontocetes. Furthermore, the inclusion of CCNHM 1000, here considered to represent a neonate of Olympicetus sp., as part of the Simocetidae, suggests that members of this group may not have had the capability of ultrasonic hearing, at least during their early ontogenetic stages. Based on the new specimens, the dentition of simocetids is interpreted as being plesiomorphic, with a tooth count more akin to that of basilosaurids and early toothed mysticetes, while other features of the skull and hyoid suggest various forms of prey acquisition, including raptorial or combined feeding in Olympicetus spp., and suction feeding in Simocetus. Finally, body size estimates show that small to moderately large taxa are present in Simocetidae, with the largest taxon represented by Simocetidae gen. et sp. A with an estimated body length of 3 m, which places it as the largest known simocetid, and amongst the largest Oligocene odontocetes. The new specimens described here add to a growing list of Oligocene marine tetrapods from the North Pacific, further promoting faunistic comparisons across other contemporaneous and younger assemblages, that will allow for an improved understanding of the evolution of marine faunas in the region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New heterodont odontocetes from the Oligocene Pysht Formation in Washington State, U.S.A., and a reevaluation of Simocetidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)

Vélez‐Juarbe

2023

PeerJ

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Charting the course of pinniped evolution: insights from molecular phylogeny and fossil record integration

Park,

Burin,

Lazo-Cancino

et al. 2024

Evolution

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Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses, and their fossil relatives) are one of the most successful mammalian clades to live in the oceans. Despite a well-resolved molecular phylogeny and a global fossil record, a complete understanding of their macroevolutionary dynamics remains hampered by a lack of formal analyses that combine these two rich sources of information. We used a meta-analytic approach to infer the most densely sampled pinniped phylogeny to-date (36 recent and 93 fossil taxa) and used phylogenetic paleobiological methods to study their diversification dynamics and biogeographic history. Pinnipeds mostly diversified at constant rates. Walruses however experienced rapid turnover in which extinction rates ultimately exceeded speciation rates from 12-6 Ma, possibly due to changing sea-levels and/or competition with otariids (eared seals). Historical biogeographic analyses including fossil data allowed us to confidently identify the North Pacific and the North Atlantic (plus or minus Paratethys) as the ancestral ranges of Otarioidea (eared seals + walrus) and crown phocids (earless seals), respectively. Yet, despite the novel addition of stem pan-pinniped taxa, the region of origin for Pan-Pinnipedia remained ambiguous. These results suggest further avenues of study in pinnipeds and provide a framework for investigating other groups with substantial extinct and extant diversity.

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A new species of Pinnarctidion from the Pysht Formation of Washington State (U.S.A.) and a phylogenetic analysis of basal pan-pinnipeds (Eutheria, Carnivora)

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

New heterodont odontocetes from the Oligocene Pysht Formation in Washington State, U.S.A., and a reevaluation of Simocetidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)

New heterodont odontocetes from the Oligocene Pysht Formation in Washington State, U.S.A., and a reevaluation of Simocetidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti)

Charting the course of pinniped evolution: insights from molecular phylogeny and fossil record integration

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