A New Species of Horseshoe Bat (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Mount Namuli, Mozambique

Abstract

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Southern Africa's Great Escarpment as an amphitheater of climate‐driven diversification and a buffer against future climate change in bats

“…TCK measured 13 craniometric variables in 273 skulls of Rhinolophus (following Csorba et al., 2003; Jacobs et al., 2013 and Curran et al., 2022) and 17 variables in 65 skulls of Laephotis (following Kearney & Seamark, 2005). JW measured 17 variables in 86 skulls of Cistugo .…”

“…In contrast to the other three older species groups mentioned above, the widespread R. acrotis diversified more recently in the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene (after 2.7 Ma) and shows very high intraspecific variability in cranial size and shape (Figure 2c; Table S7c) and F I G U R E 2 Distributions (left), maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees (middle), principal component analysis (PCA) ordination plots from cranial measurements, photographs or drawings of the baculum and sonograms of echolocation calls (right) of selected groups of paramontane southern African bats having ranges categorized as arid (red symbols), Mediterranean (turquoise symbols), temperate-montane (blue), savanna-montane (orange), and tropical rain forest (green; see Table S1 for classification): horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus) of the R. capensis (a), R. darlingi (b), R. ferrumequinum (c), R. fumigatus (d) groups, wing-gland bats (Family Cistugidae, genus Cistugo (e), and long-eared serotine bats of the genus Laephotis (f)). Distribution maps were based on IUCN Redlist maps (open polygons), correctly identified vouchers from molecular studies (colored symbols; this study; GenBank; Curran et al, 2022;Demos et al, 2019;Dool et al, 2016;Taylor et al, 2018) and skulls measured in this study (crosses). In a few cases (see legends), GBIF records were indicated for the Angolan range of species.…”

“…Underlined tip labels represent two instances of mtDNA introgression where morphologically distinct taxa from different biomes have near-identical cyt-b sequences. Species ranges of echolocation call peak frequencies were obtained from the literature for Rhinolophidae (Adams & Kwiecinski, 2018;Curran et al, 2022;Jacobs et al, 2013;Jacobs et al, 2017;Laverty & Berger, 2020;Monadjem et al, 2020;Mutumi et al, 2016;Odendaal & Jacobs, 2011;Odendaal et al, 2014;Schoeman & Jacobs, 2008), Cistugo (Monadjem et al, 2020;Schoeman & Jacobs, 2003, 2008, and long-eared Laephotis (Adams & Kwiecinski, 2018;Jacobs et al, 2005;Monadjem et al, 2020;Pierce et al, 2011). Bacula photographs and drawings were obtained from this study as well as Benda and Vallo (2012) 81-82 kHz in SEAMA and 100 kHz in Kenya; Figure 2c).…”

Phylogenetic relationships among horseshoe bats within the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum group (Mammalia, Chiroptera)

“…The horseshoe bats, genus Rhinolophus Lacépède, 1799, is the only genus forming the family Rhinolophidae Gray, 1825. Nevertheless, the family Rhinolophidae is one of five bat families with over 100 described species, and the number of newly recognised species is further increasing (Benda, Uvizl, Vallo, et al., 2022; Burgin et al., 2018; Curran et al., 2022; Mammal Diversity Database, 2023; Simmons & Cirranello, 2023). These bats can be found only in the Old World, including Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions, with the highest species diversity occurring in the tropics (Csorba et al., 2003).…”

“…One of them, the Afro‐Palaearctic clade (also known as the subgenus Rhinolophus ) presently encompasses approximately one‐third of the total species number (at least 35 of 109 species; Benda, Uvizl, Vallo, et al., 2022; Curran et al., 2022; Demos et al., 2019). This clade can be further divided into seven species groups, with one of them being the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum group (Dool et al., 2016; Horáček et al., 2000).…”