A new species of Espeletiopsis (Millerieae, Asteraceae) from Colombia

Diazgranados, Mauricio; Sánchez, Luis Roberto

doi:10.3897/phytokeys.32.6387

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cuatrec. ), several new reports for localities, numerous putative hybrids, a few species previously thought to be extinct, and the identification of several critically endangered species ( Diazgranados, 2012a ; Diazgranados, 2013 ; Diazgranados, 2015 ; Diazgranados & Morillo, 2013 ; Diazgranados & Sanchez, 2013 ). Additional material was obtained from specimens at MO, US and F. Espeletia pycnophylla Cuatrec., the sole species found in Ecuador, was collected in the south of Colombia near the border with Ecuador, eliminating the need for field work in Ecuador.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geography shapes the phylogeny of frailejones (Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae): a remarkable example of recent rapid radiation in sky islands

Diazgranados

Barber

2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundThe páramo ecosystem, located above the timberline in the tropical Andes, has been the setting for some of the most dramatic plant radiations, and it is one of the world’s fastest evolving and most diverse high-altitude ecosystems. Today 144+ species of frailejones (subtribe Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae) dominate the páramo. Frailejones have intrigued naturalists and botanists, not just for their appealing beauty and impressive morphological diversity, but also for their remarkable adaptations to the extremely harsh environmental conditions of the páramo. Previous attempts to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this group failed to resolve relationships among genera and species, and there is no agreement regarding the classification of the group. Thus, our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeny of the frailejones and to test the influence of the geography on it as a first step to understanding the patterns of radiation of these plants.MethodsField expeditions in 70 páramos of Colombia and Venezuela resulted in 555 collected samples from 110 species. Additional material was obtained from herbarium specimens. Sequence data included nrDNA (ITS and ETS) and cpDNA (rpl16), for an aligned total of 2,954 bp. Fragment analysis was performed with AFLP data using 28 primer combinations and yielding 1,665 fragments. Phylogenies based on sequence data were reconstructed under maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The AFLP dataset employed minimum evolution analyses. A Monte Carlo permutation test was used to infer the influence of the geography on the phylogeny.ResultsPhylogenies reconstructed suggest that most genera are paraphyletic, but the phylogenetic signal may be misled by hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. A tree with all the available molecular data shows two large clades: one of primarily Venezuelan species that includes a few neighboring Colombian species; and a second clade of only Colombian species. Results from the Monte Carlo permutation test suggests a very strong influence of the geography on the phylogenetic relationships. Venezuelan páramos tend to hold taxa that are more distantly-related to each other than Colombian páramos, where taxa are more closely-related to each other.ConclusionsOur data suggest the presence of two independent radiations: one in Venezuela and the other in Colombia. In addition, the current generic classification will need to be deeply revised. Analyses show a strong geographic structure in the phylogeny, with large clades grouped in hotspots of diversity at a regional scale, and in páramo localities at a local scale. Differences in the degrees of relatedness between sympatric species of Venezuelan and Colombian páramos may be explained because of the younger age of the latter páramos, and the lesser time for speciation of Espeletiinae in them.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(24) and Tamania Cuatrec. (1) ( Diazgranados, 2012a ; Diazgranados & Morillo, 2013 ; Diazgranados & Sanchez, 2013 ). In reality there are many undescribed taxa, for instance the first author is currently describing 14 new species discovered during the course of his field and herbarium work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography shapes the phylogeny of frailejones (Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae): a remarkable example of recent rapid radiation in sky islands

Diazgranados

Barber

2017

PeerJ

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“…110 species were collected (Table 1) Cuatrec. ), several new reports for localities, numerous putative hybrids, a few species previously thought to be extinct, and the identification of several critically endangered species (Diazgranados 2012a;Diazgranados 2013;Diazgranados 2015;Diazgranados & Morillo 2013;Diazgranados & Sanchez 2013). Additional material was obtained from specimens at MO, US and F. Espeletia pycnophylla Cuatrec., the sole species found in Ecuador, was collected in the south of Colombia near the border with Ecuador, eliminating the need for field work in Ecuador.…”

Section: Taxon Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, they are an ideal system to understand rapid adaptive radiations and speciation mechanisms in sky islands. (Diazgranados 2012a;Diazgranados & Morillo 2013;Diazgranados & Sanchez 2013). In reality there are many undescribed taxa, for instance the first author is currently describing 14 new species discovered during the course of his field and herbarium work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Geography shapes the phylogeny of frailejones (Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae): a remarkable example of recent rapid radiation in sky islands (v0.1)"

2017

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Background. The páramo ecosystem, located above the timberline in the tropical Andes, has been the setting for some of the most dramatic plant radiations, and it is one of the world's fastest evolving and most diverse high-altitude ecosystems. Today 144+ species of frailejones (subtribe Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae) dominate the páramo. Frailejones have intrigued naturalists and botanists, not just for their appealing beauty and impressive morphological diversity, but also for their remarkable adaptations to the extremely harsh environmental conditions of the páramo. Previous attempts to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this group failed to resolve relationships among genera and species, and there is no agreement regarding the classification of the group. Thus, our goal was to reconstruct the phylogeny of the frailejones and to test the influence of the geography on it as a first step to understand the patterns of radiation of these plants. Methods. Field expeditions in 70 páramos of Colombia and Venezuela resulted in 555 collected samples from 110 species. Additional material was obtained from herbarium specimens. Sequence data included nrDNA (ITS and ETS) and cpDNA (rpl16), for an aligned total of 2954 bp. Fragment analysis was performed with AFLP data using 28 primer combinations and yielding 1665 fragments. Phylogenies based on sequence data were reconstructed under maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The AFLP dataset employed minimum evolution analyses. A Monte Carlo permutation test was used to infer the influence of the geography on the phylogeny. Results. Phylogenies reconstructed suggest that most genera are paraphyletic, but the phylogenetic signal may be misled by hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. A tree with all the available molecular data shows two large clades: one of primarily Venezuelan species that includes a few neighboring Colombian species; and a second clade of only Colombian species. Results from the Monte Carlo permutation test suggests a very strong influence of the geography

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“…At the moment the subtribe contains 8 genera, 144 species (including the new species described here), 17 subspecies, 22 varieties and 8 forms (Cuatrecasas 2013; Diazgranados 2012a; Diazgranados and Morillo 2013; Diazgranados and Sanchez 2013). It has been highlighted as one of the examples of the rapid radiations of the páramos (Madriñán et al 2013), and phylogenetic approaches will bring further reorganizations within the subtribe (Diazgranados 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Espeletia praesidentis, a new species of Espeletiinae (Millerieae, Asteraceae) from northeastern Colombia

Diazgranados

Sánchez

2017

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A new species of Espeletia from the Páramo de Presidente in northeastern Colombia is described. The species is named Espeletia praesidentis after the name of the páramo, and it is dedicated to the President Juan Manuel Santos, for his persistent efforts in working for peace for Colombia. The new species is closely related to Espeletia dugandii, but differs in the shape and colour of the leaves and arrangements of the capitulescences. A large population was found, but its total extension is yet to be determine.

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A new species of Espeletiopsis (Millerieae, Asteraceae) from Colombia

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Geography shapes the phylogeny of frailejones (Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae): a remarkable example of recent rapid radiation in sky islands

Geography shapes the phylogeny of frailejones (Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae): a remarkable example of recent rapid radiation in sky islands

Peer Review #1 of "Geography shapes the phylogeny of frailejones (Espeletiinae Cuatrec., Asteraceae): a remarkable example of recent rapid radiation in sky islands (v0.1)"

Espeletia praesidentis, a new species of Espeletiinae (Millerieae, Asteraceae) from northeastern Colombia

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