“…veniliae Cottarelli et al, 1992) which share characters of the 2 evolutionary lineages of Lang (1965), but they rejected Lang's (1965) approach of using the number of spines as an evolutionary trend within the genus Echinolaophonte and created 2 provisional groups: i) the horrida-group, which accommodates the Echinolaophonte species with a sexually dimorphic P3 endopod in the male, including the species E. horrida, E. brevispinosa (Sars, 1908), E. oshoroensis Itô, 1969, E. veniliae, and E. minuta; ii) the armiger-group, which accommodates the Echinolaophonte species with a male P3 endopod as in the female, including the species E. tetracheir, E. hystrix (Brian, 1928), E. armiger (Gurney, 1927), E. armiger f. briani Lang, 1965, andE. villabonae Fuentes-Reinés &Suárez-Morales, 2017. However, the statuses of E. mirabilis Gurney (1927), E. longantennata Apostolov, 1990, and E. gladiator (Vervoort, 1964) are still unclear due to absence of male specimens.…”