A new species of Dactylopius Costa (Dactylopius gracilipilus sp. nov.) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) from the Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, U.S.A.

Dam, Alex R. Van; May, Bernie

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3573.1.3

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…are endemic American phytophagous scale insects of the monogeneric family Dactylopiidae. Ten species are currently recognized (Van Dam and May 2012 ), although highly divergent biotypes within individual species have been identified, suggesting possible cryptic speciation (Mathenge et al. 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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America's red gold: multiple lineages of cultivated cochineal in Mexico

Campana

García²,

Tuross

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Cultivated cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) produces carminic acid, a valuable red dye used to color textiles, cosmetics, and food. Extant native D. coccus is largely restricted to two populations in the Mexican and the Andean highlands, although the insect's ultimate center of domestication remains unclear. Moreover, due to Mexican D. coccus cultivation's near demise during the 19th century, the genetic diversity of current cochineal stock is unknown. Through genomic sequencing, we identified two divergent D. coccus populations in highland Mexico: one unique to Mexico and another that was more closely related to extant Andean cochineal. Relic diversity is preserved in the crops of small-scale Mexican cochineal farmers. Conversely, larger-scale commercial producers are cultivating the Andean-like cochineal, which may reflect clandestine 20th century importation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2001 ; Chávez-Moreno et al. 2009 ; Van Dam and May 2012 ). As an antimicrobial and antipredatory defense mechanism, all cochineal insects (both wild and cultivated species) synthesize the anthraquinone carminic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

America's red gold: multiple lineages of cultivated cochineal in Mexico

Campana

García²,

Tuross

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The breeding of D. coccus is carried out in a small number of nopal species, it has been reported that only 10% of the total number of opuntias are used; among these species, O. ficusindica is with its different cultivars, which is preferred by producers due to its ease of handling (few spines), larger cladodes, in addition to being used for other purposes such as the food and forage (Campana et al, 2015;Van Dam et al, 2015;Vigueras and Portillo, 2014). D. coccus is a species cultivated worldwide (Portillo and Vigueras, 2006;Van Dam and May, 2012), which produces the pigment called carminic acid and which is processed in different presentations such as lacquers and carmine (Piña, 1979;Vigueras and Portillo, 2014). This dye is one of the most demanded and has replaced artificial dyes (red); it is used as an additive for food, medicines, cosmetics, and textiles (Arroyo-Figueroa et al, 2016;Torres-Ponce et al, 2015;Arroyo-Figueroa et al, 2009); and it is preferred for its high stability to light and temperature, in addition to being harmless to human health (Vigueras and Portillo, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of Opuntia ficus-indica cv ‘Rojo Pelon’ to Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) under greenhouse condition

Berhe

Portillo

Vigueras-Guzmán

2022

J PROF ASSOC CACTUS

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Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.), is called "beles" in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, where it is used for multiple purposes, such as food, fodder, and fences; however, in recent years the introduction of the cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) to this region has caused it to become a plague that has affected thousands of hectares, causing an economic and social problem. Six cultivars: three from Opuntia ficus-indica (‘Atlixco’, ‘Chicomostoc’, and ‘Rojo Pelón’) and three others O. cochenillifera (‘Nopalea’ and ‘Bioplástico’) and O. robusta (‘Robusta’) were tested for resistance to D. coccus in completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with six replications under greenhouse conditions, for two seasons (cycles). Matured cladodes were infested by attaching a paper bag with ten ovipositing female D. coccus. The number of insects at different stages and yields were recorded, log transformed (insect count data), and subjected to statistical analysis. The number of nymphs (stages I and II) was significantly different in both cycles (P=0.0000). The insects died at the nymph I stage at ‘Rojo Pelón’ and ‘Robusta’, in contrast, they completed their life cycle at ‘Atlixco’, ‘Chicomostoc’, and ‘Nopalea’ cultivars. Insects at ‘Bioplástico’ cultivar remained in the nymph I stage the whole experimental period; the molting was hampered. Although some crawlers started settling (nymph I) at ‘Rojo Pelón’, they couldn’t survive and developed, and this confirms that this O. ficus-indica cultivar is resistant to D. coccus.

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“…10 The genus Dactylopius includes a total of 11 species, with Dactylopius gracilipilus newly described, and none of them except D. coccus were declared as a dye insect. 11,12 Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) spreads in Africa (Cape Verde, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Reunion Island, South Africa, and Zimbabwe), Asia (India, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka), Europe (Cyprus, France, and Spain), North America (Jamaica, Mexico, and the United States), South America (Brazil) and Australia. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] D. coccus as well as D. opuntiae feeds on cactus species of the genus Opuntia, which includes species called prickly figs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The genus Dactylopius includes a total of 11 species, with Dactylopius gracilipilus newly described, and none of them except D. coccus were declared as a dye insect. 11,12…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

7th new insect species with high potential to be used in the production of a natural red dye: Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)

Genc,

Aydin

2023

Textile Research Journal

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There is a total of six insect species belonging to four families from the order Hemiptera, used in the production of red dye as a natural dyestuff. Carmine is obtained from Dactylopius coccus (Costa, 1829) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) feeding on prickly pears ( Opuntia spp.). The genus Dactylopius includes a total of 11 species, and none of them except D. coccus were declared as a dye insect. The reported use of Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) as a natural dye insect, was more widespread than D. coccus, and advantages versus D. coccus were announced for the first time in this study. To prove the hypothesis that D. opuntiae could be used as a natural dyestuff, silk fabric samples were dyed with D. opuntiae, naturally distributed in Cyprus. The light, wet and dry friction fastness values of the dyed fabric samples were tested. Also the carminic acid values of D. opuntiae were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis and surface imaging analysis (scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer). The results of the fastness values of the dyed fabric samples and the high carminic acid content of D. opuntiae showed that this species has a very high potential to be used as the 7th natural dye insect in the world.

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A new species of Dactylopius Costa (Dactylopius gracilipilus sp. nov.) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) from the Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, U.S.A.

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

America's red gold: multiple lineages of cultivated cochineal in Mexico

America's red gold: multiple lineages of cultivated cochineal in Mexico

Resistance of Opuntia ficus-indica cv ‘Rojo Pelon’ to Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) under greenhouse condition

7th new insect species with high potential to be used in the production of a natural red dye: Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)

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