A New Species of Black-Bellied Salamander (Genus Desmognathus) From the Appalachian Mountains of Northern Georgia

Camp, Carlos D.; Tilley, Stephen G.; Austin, Richard M.; Marshall, Jeremy L.

doi:10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0471:ansobs]2.0.co;2

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Desmognathus folkertsi closely resembles the Blackbellied Salamander, D. quadramaculatus (Camp et al 2002). Much like D. quadramaculatus, D. folkertsi is a semi-aquatic salamander restricted to swift-flowing streams in the southern Appalachian Mountains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the discovery, description, and cataloguing of currently undescribed taxa are essential to this goal (Shaffer et al 2004;Ennos et al 2005;Bickford et al 2006;Stuart et al 2006;Pertoldi et al 2007;Stockman and Bond 2007). For amphibians, especially lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae), morphologically cryptic species are common (Larson et al 1981;Wake et al 1983;Larson 1984;Carr 1996;Adams and Rohlf 2000;Highton and Peabody 2000;Camp et al 2002;Mueller et al 2004;Rissler and Apodaca 2007). As a consequence, many new species have been described from what had been previously believed to be single, geographically widespread species (Tilley and Mahoney 1996;Mead et al 2001;Parra-Olea and Wake 2001;Jockusch and Wake 2002;Martínez-Solano et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Plethodontidae is the most species-rich family of salamanders in the world, containing over 68% of all described, extant species (amphibiaweb.org); new species are being routinely described (Tilley and Mahoney 1996;García-París and Wake 2000;Jockusch et al 2001;Camp et al 2002;McCranie et al 2005;Hanken et al 2007). The dusky salamanders (Desmognathus) are among the most species-rich groups within the Plethodontidae ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desmognathus folkertsi was discovered as a cryptic species from within what was thought to represent monospecific populations of D. quadramaculatus and was originally described from West Fork of Wolf Creek, Union County, Georgia, United States. Subsequently, populations of D. folkertsi have been discovered in ten additional streams: seven localities in northern Georgia, two in southwestern North Carolina and one in northwestern South Carolina (Camp et al 2002;Camp 2004;Wooten and Rissler 2005;Camp and Marshall 2006;this study). In most of these streams D. folkertsi and D. quadramaculatus are syntopic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity in a narrowly endemic, recently described dusky salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi, from the southern Appalachian Mountains

2009

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To understand patterns of biodiversity and whether populations and species are in decline, the detection and description of cryptic biodiversity are essential. Salamanders are of particular conservation interest because they potentially harbor many undescribed species due to morphological conservatism. The dusky salamanders, genus Desmognathus, are a species-rich group in which morphologically cryptic species are especially common. Using a portion of the mitochondrial genome and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), we investigated the genetic diversity of the highly endemic, stream-dwelling salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi, across its known range in the Appalachian Mountains. Mitochondrial data revealed three well-supported lineages, one of which consisted of only one specimen; however, AFLP data were not congruent with the mitochondrial data. There was 1.11% uncorrected sequence divergence between the two wellsampled lineages. Desmognathus folkertsi exhibited 4.29% sequence divergence from the closely related D. quadramaculatus. Isolation by distance was found for both the AFLP and mitochondrial data when stream distance, rather than when straight-line (i.e., geographic) distance was used. Although genetic diversity is often partitioned by river drainages in freshwater taxa, we did not observe such a pattern in D. folkertsi. We propose that human-mediated dispersal by bait-bucket release may augment natural gene flow via aquatic dispersal across streams. Because this species was only recently discovered, the full extent of the geographic range is unknown. Therefore, an ecological niche model, using climate variables and the Maxent algorithm, was used to determine whether additional regions may be suitable for the species. The model predicted a small range limited to extreme southwestern North Carolina and extreme northeastern Georgia. We suggest future surveys be focused in these regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Genetic diversity in a narrowly endemic, recently described dusky salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi, from the southern Appalachian Mountains

2009

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“…Camp et al 2002). However, some ontogenetic stages, such as larval forms, can be difficult to identify morphologically and are often understudied Vences et al 2005;Barber & Boyce 2006;Hubert et al 2010;Ko et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval masquerade: a new species of paedomorphic salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Eurycea) from the Ouachita Mountains of North America

Steffen

Irwin

Blair

et al. 2014

Zootaxa

498

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Species with truncated developmental patterns may go undetected if they resemble the juveniles of their close relatives. Herein we present an example of this phenomenon with the description of a highly divergent, relict species of streamdwelling plethodontid salamander from the Ouachita Mountains of North America. Both mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data show that this new species is most closely related to its syntopic relative, Eurycea multiplicata. Interestingly, E. multiplicata exhibits the ancestral biphasic (metamorphic) life cycle, whereas the new species maintains an aquatic larval form throughout life (paedomorphic) and superficially resembles larval E. multiplicata. The new species is the first known paedomorphic plethodontid from the Ouachita Mountains, and the most divergent paedomorphic salamander discovered in over seventy years. This species represents an independent instance of the evolution of paedomorphosis associated with a porous streambed, which may facilitate vertical seasonal movements. This new species currently has an extremely limited known distribution and is of immediate conservation concern.

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Failed species, innominate forms, and the vain search for species limits: cryptic diversity in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus) of eastern Tennessee

Tilley

Bernardo

Katz

et al. 2013

Ecology and Evolution

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Cytochrome B sequences and allozymes reveal complex patterns of molecular variation in dusky salamander (Desmognathus) populations in eastern Tennessee. One group of allozymically distinctive populations, which we refer to as the Sinking Creek form (SCF), combines morphological attributes of Desmognathus fuscus with cytB sequences characteristic of Desmognathus carolinensis. This form is abruptly replaced by D. fuscus just north of Johnson City, TN with no evidence of either sympatry or gene exchange. To the south, allozymic markers indicate a broad zone of admixture with populations characterized by distinct cytB sequences and that may or may not be ultimately referable to Desmognathus conanti. A third distinctive group of populations, which we refer to as the Lemon Gap form (LGF), occurs in the foothills of the Great Smoky and southern Bald Mountains and exchanges genes with Desmognathus santeetlah along the escarpment of the Great Smokies, D. carolinensis in the southern Bald Mountains, and populations of a different haplotype clade in the Ridge and Valley. We treat all these as innominate forms that may represent "failed species," recognizing that it may never be possible to reconcile species limits with patterns of phylogeny, morphology, and gene exchange in these salamanders.

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A New Species of Black-Bellied Salamander (Genus Desmognathus) From the Appalachian Mountains of Northern Georgia

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Genetic diversity in a narrowly endemic, recently described dusky salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi, from the southern Appalachian Mountains

Genetic diversity in a narrowly endemic, recently described dusky salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi, from the southern Appalachian Mountains

Larval masquerade: a new species of paedomorphic salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Eurycea) from the Ouachita Mountains of North America

Failed species, innominate forms, and the vain search for species limits: cryptic diversity in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus) of eastern Tennessee

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