A new species and morphometric analysis of Cladonotella (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)

Abstract

The genus Cladonotella (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) consists of four species of pygmy grasshoppers from Java and New Guinea. A new species of Cladonotella is described from Siargao Island, Philippines: Cladonotella spinulosasp. nov. This represents the first record of Cladonotella in the Philippines. To quantify differences between species of Cladonotella, we used morphological characters to construct a neighbor-joining tree, and recovered our new species as distinct from congeners. To address the lack of natural history information on Cladonotella, we described habitat and other ecological observations made in Siargao Island on our new species.

DNA Barcoding of Pygmy Hoppers—The First Comprehensive Overview of the BOLD Systems’ Data Shows Promise for Species Identification

“…The records for taxa with a lot of records can be examined by comparing the sequences to each other, but most of the records of less-represented taxa are unidentified and will become usable only once documentation on the vouchered sequences is uploaded to BOLD. Furthermore, taxonomic changes (which are frequent [15,17,21]) are currently not followed by BOLD, as exemplified by the discrepancies between the data shown in Figures 1 and 2. For example, under the taxonomy used by BOLD, the entire subfamily Metrodorinae is incorrectly assigned, as Systolederus Bolívar, 1887 [16] is a member of Tetriginae [49], while Bolivaritettix Günther, 1939 [50] belongs to the unassigned tribe Criotettigini together with Eucriotettix Hebard, 1930 [51] and Criotettix Bolívar, 1887 [16], which are also incorrectly placed in the current system [52].…”

“…Firstly, Tetrigidae exhibits polymorphism in coloration, body size, and wing length, making those characters difficult to use in isolation [18][19][20]. Secondly, the classification and taxonomy of many groups within Tetrigidae are problematic, with many revisions conducted recently and with more still to come [17,21]. Continuing on the previous point, there is a lack of clear diagnoses for many of the described species and higher taxonomic categories [21], which leads to the lack of identification keys for many taxa [22].…”

“…Secondly, the classification and taxonomy of many groups within Tetrigidae are problematic, with many revisions conducted recently and with more still to come [17,21]. Continuing on the previous point, there is a lack of clear diagnoses for many of the described species and higher taxonomic categories [21], which leads to the lack of identification keys for many taxa [22]. Finally, reference databases such as the OSF [15] sometimes contain multiple different species under a single species (due to unresolved taxonomy or earlier misidentifications), which means that it is often necessary to examine the type specimen to determine relevant diagnostic characters and arrive at a confident identification [23,24].…”

New data on some crickets of the subfamilies Landrevinae, Phaloriinae and Podoscirtinae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Laguna (Philippines: Luzon Island)

“…The Philippines remains a hotspot for new species discovery of Orthoptera, as sampling in this archipelago is fragmented spatially and temporally . In the last four years, as many as 15 new species have been reported from across the phylogeny, ranging from pygmy grasshoppers (e.g., Skejo & Caballero, 2016;Tan et al, 2019a), scaly crickets (e.g., Tan et al, 2019b), raspy cricket (e.g., Ingrisch, 2018), true crickets (e.g., Robillard & Yap, 2015;Gorochov, 2016;Baroga-Barbecho et al, 2016, 2019Tan et al, , 2019d and three katydids (e.g., Tan et al, 2018). As more materials are assembled and more attention given, more new species can be discovered.…”

Presence of the four-spined pygmy devil, Arulenus validispinus (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), confirmed in Bukidnon region on the island of Mindanao, Philippines

“…Mindanao, a major island of the Philippines, is located on the southern part of the archipelago. Recently, discoveries of a new species and records of pygmy grasshoppers were made in Mindanao (Skejo and Caballero 2016, Tan et al 2019, Mohagan et al 2020. The Bukidnon is located in the central part of Mindanao and contains one of the most extensive mountain massifs of the island-the Mt.…”