A new solution for reduced sedimentation flat panel solar thermal collector using nanofluids

Effect of temperature and sonication time on nanofluid thermal conductivity measurements by nano-flash method

“…The average size of nanoparticles ranges from 5 nm to 100 nm and the most commonly used fluids base are water, mineral oils and ethylene glycol. The nanofluids have heat transfer properties greater than conventional heat transfer fluids, making them particularly suitable for electronic applications, automotive, solar energy conversion systems and in the nuclear field, as reported in [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The concept of nanofluid was introduced by Choi in 1995 [11], who first investigated the effects of the dispersion of nanoparticles in a fluid, showing their significant thermal capacity.…”

Heat transfer analysis and the effect of CuO/Water nanofluid on direct absorption concentrating solar collector

“…This has made nanofluids especially useful in direct absorption (or volumetric) solar thermal collectors [9][10][11], in which the sun beams are directly absorbed by the working fluid. As most working base fluids (e.g., water or ethylene glycol) used in direct absorption solar thermal collectors have low absorption coefficients, it follows that introducing nanoparticles into them should enhance their optical properties and improve their efficiency [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Otanicar et al [15] introduced a nanofluid-based direct absorption solar collector and investigated the effects of a variety of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes, graphite, and silver on its efficiency.…”

Experimental test of an innovative high concentration nanofluid solar collector

“…Although nanoparticles are more stable in liquid phase than millimeter or micrometer particles, sedimentation phenomenon can be detected in piping of the systems and therefore also in solar collector, as Colangelo et al [26] demonstrated with a water-Al 2 O 3 nanofluid with a volume fraction between 1.0% and 3.0%. They proposed a modified flat plate solar collector to avoid this phenomenon, in order to maintain a constant flow velocity along both bottom and top header.…”