A New Software Tool for Design, Optimization, and Complete Analysis of Rotating Electrical Machines Windings

Abstract

In this paper, a new software tool developed by the authors for ac winding design, optimization, and complete analysis is presented. In particular, this software can be used as a valid aid in design and analysis for a wide variety of motor and generator windings with generic number of phases (including the case of those machines in which some slots are left empty), pole pairs, slot number, and so on. The calculation of winding factors and the evaluation of their harmonic distribution is also accomplished. The software is implemented in the MATLAB programming environment. By means of some examples, covering the most relevant winding types, the capabilities of this software will be shown. In particular, integer and fractional slot, single- and double-layer winding, concentrated windings, imbrication, belt widening, and belt shifting techniques can be treated to reduce particular harmonics in the electromotive force (EMF) or in the magnetomotive force (MMF). Finally, the connections, the winding factor harmonic distribution, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of EMF and spatial distribution of both the MMF, the Görges polygon, and the flux density are shown together with an estimate of the differential leakage and the air-gap flux density spatial distribution. The software presented in this paper is very modular, highly structured, and flexible due to the conspicuous number of operations that it can fulfill. Clearly, for the sake of brevity and clarity, the authors limit to represent the main features of the software, without going into specific details of programming and coding. All the main mathematical relationships that are useful to solve the problem of design and optimization of the windings of rotating machines are hereafter presented

The use of slightly asymmetrical windings for rotating electrical machines

“…The proposed comparison between IPMSM structures equipped with symmetrical and asymmetrical windings has been also carried out in harmonic analysis of the MMFs produced by each model. The trends and the values of the MMFs have been determined through means of ACWindsoft . The MMF harmonic spectra for each configuration are plotted in Figures , reported as a percentage of their related third harmonic value.…”

“…This phenomenon can significantly affect the performance of the motor by introducing acoustic disturbances, vibrations, and mechanical stress. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] In addition, for low-speed electrical drives, the overall generated torque is affected more so by the cogging torque component, because the resonant frequency of the motor is on the same order of magnitude as that of the cogging harmonics, highly reducing the accuracy of the speed and position control loops. In this context, the cogging torque is analyzed to demonstrate that the electrical machines equipped with slightly asymmetrical windings are affected by this phenomenon in a comparable way with machines equipped with symmetrical windings.…”

“…The trends and the values of the MMFs have been determined through means of ACWindsoft. 28 The MMF harmonic spectra for each configuration are plotted in Figures 14-17, reported as a percentage of their related third harmonic value. The overall harmonic content A x for each IPMSM configuration is summarized in Table 9.…”

Automatic Winding Generation Using Matrix Representation - Anfractus Tool 1.0

“…Software based on the "Star of slots" method (viz., scheme or formulas) are developed by L. Alberti (i.e., "Koil 1.1.0") [42] and by A.O.D. Tommaso [43]. Figure 1 shows the input parameters and results of existing tools in comparison with the new AC/DC winding design tool called "ANFRACTUS Tool 1.0".…”

A General Mathematical Formulation for Winding Layout Arrangement of Electrical Machines

“…In the same time, French researchers, such as H. de Pistoye [10], followed by German-Czechoslovakians [5,11], Italians [12], Japanese [13] and American scholars, as M. Liwschitz-Garik, Malti-Herzog, Hellmund and E. M. Tingley [14][15][16][17][18][19], also contributed to the significant development of this area, but limiting their method to solve single, two and three phase windings. Other interesting manual and/or automated methods and algorithms were developed later [20][21][22][23][24]. Each of these methods can be used for specific design constrains and none can be considered as universally valid.…”