“…It is due to the fact that the penalty term in this function involves the l 1 norm of the violated constraints. The exact l 1 penalty function method has been researched widely for solving constrained optimization problems (see, for instance, Antczak [21,22], Bazaraa et al [23], Bertsekas [24], Bertsekas and Koksal [25], Bonnans et al [26], Charalambous [27], Di Pillo and Grippo [28], Fletcher [29,30], Janesch and Santos [31], Mangasarian [32], Mongeau and Sartenaer [33], Nocedal and Wright [34], Peressini et al [35], Wang and Liu [36], and others).…”