A new small-angle X-ray scattering set-up on the crystallography beamline I711 at MAX-lab

Abstract

A small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) set-up has recently been developed at beamline I711 at the MAX II storage ring in Lund (Sweden). An overview of the required modifications is presented here together with a number of application examples. The accessible q range in a SAXS experiment is 0.009-0.3 A(-1) for the standard set-up but depends on the sample-to-detector distance, detector offset, beamstop size and wavelength. The SAXS camera has been designed to have a low background and has three collinear slit sets for collimating the incident beam. The standard beam size is about 0.37 mm x 0.37 mm (full width at half-maximum) at the sample position, with a flux of 4 x 10(10) photons s(-1) and lambda = 1.1 A. The vacuum is of the order of 0.05 mbar in the unbroken beam path from the first slits until the exit window in front of the detector. A large sample chamber with a number of lead-throughs allows different sample environments to be mounted. This station is used for measurements on weakly scattering proteins in solutions and also for colloids, polymers and other nanoscale structures. A special application supported by the beamline is the effort to establish a micro-fluidic sample environment for structural analysis of samples that are only available in limited quantities. Overall, this work demonstrates how a cost-effective SAXS station can be constructed on a multipurpose beamline.

Structure and Morphology of Gold Nanoparticles in Solution Studied by TEM, SAXS and UV-Vis

“…The synchrotron SAXS data were collected on the Beam Line I911-4 [21,22] at the MAXII storage ring of the MAX-Lab (Lund, Sweden) using the synchrotron radiation (λ = 0.091 nm) and the MarCCD 165 mm detector. The GNP samples were injected into thermostated capillary sample holder and the measurements were performed at room temperature.…”

“…The detector s-axis was calibrated using silver behenate [23]. The data were normalized, corrected for detector response and integrated using SAXS data reduction software Bli711 [22]. The distance distribution function p(r) was calculated from the experimental scattering also by indirect Fourier transformation and the program GNOM [24].…”

Metal Ion Controlled Self-Assembly of a Chemically Reengineered Protein Drug Studied by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

“…The SAXS measurements were performed partly at the SAXS beamline I711 at MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden, 13 and partly at the ID14−3 beamline at ESRF, Grenoble, France. 14 Buffer backgrounds were measured before and after each sample, and the averaged background was subtracted from the sample measurement.…”

Scattering Functions of Core−Shell-Struct ured Hard Spheres with Schulz-Distributed Radii

“…Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were conducted on beam line I711 at the MAX II storage ring in Lund, Sweden. 32 Microemulsion samples were enclosed in high-quality quartz capillaries with a diameter of 1.7 mm, glued in steel housings. A water sample, the solvent background, was measured in the same capillary and later subracted in the data treatment.…”

“…In addition, the prefactors in eqs 3-5 are given by expressions analogous to those for model A, M ( (ij) ) δ j ′Y ( δ i ′X, but where the δ i ′ functions are given by (32) in terms of the same δ i functions that enter model A, and which are given explicitly by Griffith et al 26 The functions X and Y are given by the same expressions as in model A, and they depend on a number of functions that are given by Griffith et al 26 These functions, however, are defined somewhat differently…”