A new silesaurid from the upper Ntawere Formation of Zambia (Middle Triassic) demonstrates the rapid diversification of Silesauridae (Avemetatarsalia, Dinosauriformes)

Peecook, Brandon R.; Sidor, Christian A.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Smith, Roger M. H.; Steyer, Jean‐Sébastien; Angielczyk, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.755991

Cited by 55 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The timing of the archosaur radiation has received renewed attention with the recent discovery of Middle Triassic dinosauriforms (16,18,36) as well as Early Triassic footprints ascribed to dinosauromorphs (37) and body fossils of poposauroid pseudosuchians (38). All of these findings suggest that crown-group archosaur diversification was more intimately related to recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction than previously suspected.…”

Section: (Si Text)mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Middle Triassic archosauriforms, such as Erythrosuchus and Euparkeria, are similarly found in the Karoo, but despite intensive collecting for over a century, unambiguous crown-group archosaurs have yet to be recovered from that basin. Our research in the Middle Triassic of Tanzania and Zambia has uncovered an unsuspected taxonomic and ecological diversity of archosaurs (16,18,36), indicating that the Karoo may not serve as a useful model system for understanding postextinction diversification. Although data rich, patterns of vertebrate recovery established within the Karoo Basin of South Africa and the south Urals of Russia fail to capture the geographic complexity of the recovery process.…”

Section: (Si Text)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Provincialization of terrestrial faunas following the end-Permian mass extinction

Sidor

Vilhena²,

Angielczyk

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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142

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In addition to their devastating effects on global biodiversity, mass extinctions have had a long-term influence on the history of life by eliminating dominant lineages that suppressed ecological change. Here, we test whether the end-Permian mass extinction (252.3 Ma) affected the distribution of tetrapod faunas within the southern hemisphere and apply quantitative methods to analyze four components of biogeographic structure: connectedness, clustering, range size, and endemism. For all four components, we detected increased provincialism between our Permian and Triassic datasets. In southern Pangea, a more homogeneous and broadly distributed fauna in the Late Permian (Wuchiapingian, ∼257 Ma) was replaced by a provincial and biogeographically fragmented fauna by Middle Triassic times (Anisian, ∼242 Ma). Importantly in the Triassic, lower latitude basins in Tanzania and Zambia included dinosaur predecessors and other archosaurs unknown elsewhere. The recognition of heterogeneous tetrapod communities in the Triassic implies that the end-Permian mass extinction afforded ecologically marginalized lineages the ecospace to diversify, and that biotic controls (i.e., evolutionary incumbency) were fundamentally reset. Archosaurs, which began diversifying in the Early Triassic, were likely beneficiaries of this ecological release and remained dominant for much of the later Mesozoic.biogeography | complex networks | macroevolution | biotic recovery | paleoecology M ass extinctions are thought to reshape the composition and ecological structure of communities on a scale unparalleled by background extinction (1, 2). Within the terrestrial realm, the replacement of dinosaur-dominated communities by those of mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction is perhaps the best-known example of such wholesale faunal reshuffling. By contrast, understanding the effects of the more massive endPermian extinction on terrestrial community structure has been hampered by the paucity of high-quality geographic data, with nearly all studies restricted to sequences from single basins in Russia (3, 4) or South Africa (5-8). Although some broad similarities have emerged, such as the progressive aridification of the two basins (3, 8) and a heightened diversity of temnospondyl amphibians in the recovery interval (9), limited geographic sampling in each hemisphere constrains the ability of paleontologists to distinguish regional patterns from those characteristic of the individual basins. Moreover, these broadly separated areas are uninformative regarding large-scale (i.e., continentlevel) patterns of faunal evolution.Here we examine tetrapod faunal composition in five fossiliferous areas in southern Pangea approximately 5 million years before and 10 million years after the end-Permian mass extinction. We analyze changes in biogeographic structure with four metrics of taxon occurrence data. First, biogeographic connectedness (BC) quantifies the proportion of taxon-locality occurrences relative to the maximum number of such occurrences possible. Thus...

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Section: (Si Text)mentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: (Si Text)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Provincialization of terrestrial faunas following the end-Permian mass extinction

Sidor

Vilhena²,

Angielczyk

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

142

133

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“…Cynognathus crateronotus and Diademodon tetragonus have been widely-utilized in biostratigraphic correlations, since they achieved a broad Gondwanan distribution (Argentina, South Africa, Namibia, Zambia, Antarctica) during the Triassic and are relatively abundant in the fossil record [8, 10, 109, 110, 112]. Based upon the new radiometric dating from San Rafael Group and the traditionally older inferred age of the Cynognathus AZ of the Karoo (although see [113]), Ottone et al [106] suggested two possible scenarios: (a) that the classical Cynognathus AZ of South Africa is much younger than previously thought or (b) that the biochron of Cynognathus and Diademodon is longer than previously thought, and thus their records in Argentina reflect the persistence of this fauna for nearly 20 million years. Both of these scenarios are highly problematic for Triassic faunal correlation (Fig 19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The African cynodont Aleodon (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) in the Triassic of southern Brazil and its biostratigraphic significance

et al. 2017

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In this contribution we report the first occurrence of the enigmatic African probainognathian genus Aleodon in the Middle-early Late Triassic of several localities from the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Aleodon is unusual among early probainognathians in having transversely-expanded postcanine teeth, similar to those of gomphodont cynognathians. This genus was previously known from the Manda Beds of Tanzania and the upper Omingonde Formation of Namibia. The Brazilian record of this genus is based upon multiple specimens representing different ontogenetic stages, including three that were previously referred to the sectorial-toothed probainognathian Chiniquodon theotonicus. We propose a new species of Aleodon (A. cromptoni sp. nov.) based on the specimens from Brazil. Additionally, we tentatively refer one specimen from the upper Omingonde Formation of Namibia to this new taxon, strengthening biostratigraphic correlations between these strata. Inclusion of A. cromptoni in a phylogenetic analysis of eucynodonts recovers it as the sister-taxon of A. brachyrhamphus within the family Chiniquodontidae. The discovery of numerous specimens of Aleodon among the supposedly monospecific Chiniquodon samples of Brazil raises concerns about chiniquodontid alpha taxonomy, particularly given the extremely broad geographic distribution of Chiniquodon. The discovery of Brazilian Aleodon and new records of the traversodontid Luangwa supports the hypothesis that at least two subzones can be recognized in the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone.

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“…Unfortunately, this fossiliferous locality gave place to a residential building. At first, Sacisaurus was interpreted as an ornithischian dinosaur, however subsequent authors placed it within Silesauridae (Brusatte et al, 2010;Nesbitt et al, 2010;Benton and Walker, 2011;Nesbitt, 2011;Kammerer et al, 2012;Martínez et al, 2013;Peecook et al, 2013). Langer and Ferigolo (2013) redescribed Sacisaurus, reinstating its ornithischian affinities.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For instance, the discovery of basal dinosauriforms from the Middle Triassic of Tanzania and Zambia provided valuable information about the sister group of dinosaurs (Nesbitt et al, 2010;Peecook et al, 2013). Also, dinosauromorph footprints from Lower Triassic rocks were reported (Brusatte et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Wachholz, a new exquisite dinosaur-bearing fossiliferous site from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil

Müller

Rosa

Silva

et al. 2015

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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A new silesaurid from the upper Ntawere Formation of Zambia (Middle Triassic) demonstrates the rapid diversification of Silesauridae (Avemetatarsalia, Dinosauriformes)

Cited by 55 publications

References 66 publications

Provincialization of terrestrial faunas following the end-Permian mass extinction

Provincialization of terrestrial faunas following the end-Permian mass extinction

The African cynodont Aleodon (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) in the Triassic of southern Brazil and its biostratigraphic significance

Wachholz, a new exquisite dinosaur-bearing fossiliferous site from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil

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