A new sight for paraquat poisoning from immunology

Wu, Qiang; Xu, Qinliang; Jian, Xiangdong; Wang, Huaxue; He, Xiandi; Gao, B J; Wang, Ke; Kan, Baotian

doi:10.1080/08923973.2018.1490319

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…PQ causes damage to multiple organs, i.e. lung, liver and kidney by disrupting various biological functions (Dinis-Oliveira et al 2008;Wu et al 2018). PQ toxicity has a high mortality rate, nevertheless no speci c medical therapy is available for it (Sun and Chen 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PQ toxicity has a high mortality rate, nevertheless no speci c medical therapy is available for it (Sun and Chen 2016). Tissue injury is mainly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing irreversible oxidative damage to molecular structures, cell functions and exacerbated immune response (Wu et al, 2018). Recent studies have shown that PQ directly impacts on immunity and immune cell activities (Hassuneh et al 2012;Riahi et al 2010) with effects such as decreased interferon (IFN)-γ production and phagocytic activity of monocytes in mice (Riahi et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paraquat Modulates Immunological Function in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Srinontong¹,

Wandee²,

Angwanich³

2021

Preprint

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Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide commonly used worldwide. This herbicide is known to alter the human and animal immune systems. Many reports indicated that PQ impacts immune cell viability and functions. However, the underlying mechanism critical is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of PQ on free radical production, oxidative stress, cell death, and pro-inflammatory gene expression of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from female C57BL/6NJcl mice in vitro. BMDMs were incubated with PQ at 0, 200, 400 µM for 24 h. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, cell viability, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-6 expression of murine BMDMs were measured. The results revealed that PQ treatments led to decrease the cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PQ induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory mediator gene IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated, while the level of lipid peroxides (MDA) production was unaltered by PQ treatment. Interestingly, PQ led to a decrease in nitric oxide production depends on its concentration. These phenomena indicated that PQ increased cellular ROS production which induced apoptosis, and the herbicide triggers production of iNOS and IL-6 in murine BMDMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraquat Modulates Immunological Function in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Srinontong¹,

Wandee²,

Angwanich³

2021

Preprint

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“…Paraquat-induced lung injury pathophysiologically manifests as reduced pulmonary ventilation, reduced lung compliance, and ventilation/perfusion defects[ 21 ]. In the early stage, lung CT shows no abnormality or only an increase of lung markings and mild ground-glass-like changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can kissing cause paraquat poisoning: A case report and review of literature

Lv¹,

Han²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

WJCC

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BACKGROUND Paraquat is an effective, broad-spectrum, highly toxic quaternary ammonium herbicide. Paraquat poisoning has been reported frequently in recent years. It has severe lung, kidney, liver, and nervous system toxicity, and there is currently no specific antidote. Paraquat poisoning may follow ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. There have been no previous reports of paraquat poisoning that resulted from kissing. This rare case provides a new reference for the prevention of paraquat poisoning. CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man came to the emergency department complaining that he had come into contact with paraquat by kissing his girlfriend, who had taken 80-120 mL 20% paraquat. After admission, his lung computed tomography (CT) showed increased lung markings. Redness and a burning sensation developed on his tongue, which progressed to painful erosions and coalescent ulcers. The final diagnosis was mild paraquat poisoning. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and symptomatic treatment were initiated and continued for 7 d. Dyspnea did not occur, subsequent lung CT showed no significant changes, and the tongue pain was slightly improved. One month after discharge, the tongue injury was resolved. CONCLUSION This case indicated that the tongue and lung tissues are particularly vulnerable to paraquat toxicity, even after a limited exposure.

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“…Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic non-selective herbicide that is widely used throughout the world. PQ is known to causes damage to numerous organs including the lung, brain, kidney, heart, liver, and immune system [1,2,3]. Thus, the toxicities of PQ have been broadly investigated [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the immunotoxicities of PQ are complex, PQ is a confirmed toxicant to both innate and adaptive immune system [3]. For instance, PQ impaired cytotoxic capacity of nature killer (NK) cells via induction of metallothionein in mice [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraquat Preferentially Induces Apoptosis of Late Stage Effector Lymphocyte and Impairs Memory Immune Response in Mice

Shao

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic non-selective herbicide. To date, the effect of PQ on memory immune response is still unknown. We investigated the impact of PQ on memory immune response. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 2 mg/kg PQ, 20 mg/kg PQ or vehicle control every three days for two weeks. A single injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) at day four after the initial PQ treatment was used to induce a primary immune response; a second KLH challenge was performed at three months post the first KLH immunization to induce a secondary immune response. In steady state, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ reduced the level of serum total IgG, but not that of IgM; treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ decreased the number of effector and memory lymphocytes, but not naïve or inactivated lymphocytes. During the primary immune response to KLH, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ did not influence the proliferation of lymphocytes or expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Instead, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ increased the apoptosis of lymphocytes at late stage, but not early stage of the primary immune response. During the secondary immune response to KLH, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ reduced the serum anti-KLH IgG and KLH-responsive CD4 T cells and B cells. Moreover, effector or activated lymphocytes were more sensitive to PQ-induced apoptosis in vitro. Treatment with 2 mg/kg PQ did not impact memory immune response to KLH. Thus, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ increased apoptosis of late stage effector cells to yield less memory cells and thereafter impair memory immune response, providing a novel understanding of the immunotoxicity of PQ.

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A new sight for paraquat poisoning from immunology

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Paraquat Modulates Immunological Function in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Paraquat Modulates Immunological Function in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Can kissing cause paraquat poisoning: A case report and review of literature

Paraquat Preferentially Induces Apoptosis of Late Stage Effector Lymphocyte and Impairs Memory Immune Response in Mice

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