A new set of 272 pictures for psycholinguistic studies: Persian norms for name agreement, image agreement, conceptual familiarity, visual complexity, and age of acquisition

Abstract

Pictures are often used in studies on memory, perception, and language; normative data are thus needed for such visual stimuli. In the present study, we aimed to obtain normative data for a set of 272 black-and-white pictures from middle-aged and elderly Persian speakers. A total of 206 volunteers were divided into two groups: a middle-aged (40-59 years old) group and an elderly (60 years old and over) group. The groups had similar characteristics in terms of education. Norms for every picture were developed to provide measures of name agreement, image agreement, conceptual familiarity, age of acquisition, and visual complexity. The results revealed that all of these measures vary with age, except for conceptual familiarity.

Comparative Effectiveness of Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) and Phonological Components Analysis (PCA) for Anomia Treatment in Persian Speaking Patients With Aphasia

“…In contrast, the semantic therapy was not beneficial for participants with primary semantic impairments [14]. Similar results with other treatment approaches have been found in several studies [15][16][17][18]. Such inconsistencies may relate to the type of functional deficit in naming processing.…”

High electronic name agreement of 70 pictures in normative study of 5,290 Czechs for easy multicultural replication

“…Thus we achieved a high 91% filling rate of the electronic form. Complex data collection of all picture aspects can last for five hours for each subject as experienced in the Persian study (Ghasisin et al, 2015). It would not be feasible to carry out with our participants.…”

“…The first study that provided complex information on picture stimuli properties including name agreement was the study of Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) that validated 260 pictures. The same set of pictures was validated in many other languages including Persian (Ghasisin et al, 2015;Bakhtiar et al, 2013) Croatian (Rogi c et al, 2013), Greek (Dimitropoulou et al, 2009), Turkish (Raman et al, 2014), Spanish (Sanfeliu & Fernandez, 1996), Russian (Tsaparina et al, 2011) Icelandic (Pind et al, 2000), and Chinese (Yoon et al, 2004). Other studies validated a set of 400 pictures by Cycowitz et al (Cycowicz et al, 1997).…”

“…It simultaneously explores several cognitive functions. They involve semantic long-term memory and visuo-semantic properties such as translation of a visual stimulus into a conceptual representation, the retrieval of the name of the picture and lexical production (Dell et al, 1997;Ghasisin et al, 2015). All these processes can be simply summarized and assessed as the name agreement in clinical practice and research.…”

“…All these processes can be simply summarized and assessed as the name agreement in clinical practice and research. Name agreement indicates the extent to which the subjects use the same word for a given picture (Ghasisin et al, 2015). Naming processing may be altered in patients with different brain disorders, e.g., with Alzheimer disease (Moayedfar et al, 2019).…”