A new sensitive flow‐injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of H₂‐receptor antagonists

Abstract

Based on the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity generated from the potassium ferricyanide [K(3)Fe(CN)(6)]-rhodamine 6G system in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) medium, a new sensitive flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method has been developed, validated and applied for the determination of three kinds of H(2)-receptor antagonists: cimetidine (CIMT), ranitidine (RANT) hydrochloride and famotidine (FAMT). Under the optimum conditions, the linear range for the determination was 1.0 x 10(-9)-7.0 x 10(-5) g/ml for CIMT, 1.0 x 10(-9)-5.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for RANT hydrochloride and 5.0 x 10(-9)-7.0 x 10(-5) g/mL for FAMT. During 11 repeated measurements of 1.0 x 10(-6) g/mL sample solutions, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all <5%. The detection limit was 8.56 x 10(-10) g/mL for CIMT, 8.69 x 10(-10) g/mL for RANT hydrochloride and 2.35 x 10(-9) g/mL for FAMT (S:N = 3). This method has been successfully implemented for the analysis of H(2)-receptor antagonists in pharmaceuticals.

Revisiting flow‐chemiluminescence techniques: pharmaceutical analysis

“…In addition to Ru(bipy) 3 3+ , potassium permanganate, Ag(III), Ni(IV) and Cu(III) complexes discussed in the preceding sections, some other oxidants such as N ‐bromosuccinimide , hydrogen peroxide , peroxomonosulfate , potassium ferricyanide , Ce(IV) , sodium hypochlorite and peroxynitrite were exploited in direct CL assays of pharmaceuticals (Table ). In this context, ingenious CL approaches for the assessment of imipramine and nitrofurazone were reported in pharmaceutical products and biological fluids based upon their reaction with N ‐bromosuccinimide and hydrogen peroxide.…”

“…As mentioned earlier, potassium ferricyanide [K 3 Fe(CN) 6 ] is another oxidizing reagent used in CL systems. For example, it was reported that direct oxidation of histamine H 2 ‐receptor antagonists and ketotifen with K 3 Fe(CN) 6 bring about CL emission in which rhodamine 6 G and the calcein–Mg 2+ complex , respectively, could enhance CL signals. Based on these observations, two flow‐CL methods were suggested for the determination of these species in pharmaceutical products .…”

Spectrophotometric Method for Ranitidine Determination in Drugs Using Rhodamine B

“…In order to assure the quality of R . HCl containing pharmaceutical formulations, several methods have been developed for its determination, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [1][2][3][4][5][6] , high-performance thin-layer chromatography and scanning densitometry 7 , differential pulse polarography 8 , amperometry 9 , capillary electrophoresis 10 , conductometry 11 , coulometry 12 , voltammetry 13 , potentiometry 14 , fluorimetry 15 , chemiluminescence 16 , AAS 17 . The official method described in the United States Pharmacopeia 18 is based on potentiometric titration of R .…”

Highly luminescent S,N co‐doped carbon quantum dots‐sensitized chemiluminescence on luminol–H2O2 system for the determination of ranitidine

“…Hydrochloride ranitidine, a powerful H 2 receptor blocker, can block the histamine‐conjugating H 2 receptor, prohibit gastric acid secretion, and is used in the treatment of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, reflux esophagitis, Zollinger–Ellison syndrome and other diseases involving high gastric acid secretion . Analytical methods including ultraviolet (UV), high‐performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, near infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, electrochemical sensors and chemiluminescence (CL) sensors, have been reported for the quantification of ranitidine. In regard to the CL sensor, the reagents used to establish the CL system reported for the determination of ranitidine were not environmentally friendly.…”