A New Semi-Selective Medium for<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>pv.<i>vitians</i>, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Lettuce

Toussaint, Vicky; Morris, Cindy E.; Carisse, Odile

doi:10.1094/pdis.2001.85.2.131

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Leaf tissue (approximately 3 × 3 mm square) was excised and surface disinfested with bleach (0.5 % sodium hypochlorite) for 1 min followed by rinsing in sterile distilled water three times. The tissue was macerated in a drop of sterile, distilled water and spread onto maltose methyl green antibiotic medium (MMG) (11). Plates were incubated at 27°C for at least four days prior to counting colonies.…”

Section: Field Evaluations For Resistance To Bacterial Leaf Spot Amonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Lettuce for Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians

Bull

Goldman

Hayes

et al. 2007

Plant Health Progress

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Lettuce plants were artificially inoculated with three isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in field and greenhouse evaluations for genetic variation in resistance to bacterial leaf spot. The cultivar Little Gem had the least amount of disease, whether evaluated for disease severity or disease incidence. Disease severity levels for cultivar Batavia Reine des Glaces were not significantly different from those of Little Gem. Several cultivars including Vista Verde, Pybas 251, Pacific, Clemente, Salinas 88, and Sniper were highly susceptible. There was a strong correlation between results obtained in the greenhouse and those obtained in the field (r = 0.77, P = 0.009) indicating that greenhouse assays may be used to increase the number of cultivars evaluated and to speed breeding efforts. Accepted for publication 17 May 2007. Published 17 September 2007.

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Section: Field Evaluations For Resistance To Bacterial Leaf Spot Amonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Lettuce for Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians

Bull

Goldman

Hayes

et al. 2007

Plant Health Progress

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“…Based on selective media described previously for Xanthomonas spp. (Chun & Alvarez, 1983; Claflin et al ., 1987; Norman & Alvarez, 1989; Sijam et al ., 1991; Fessehaie et al ., 1999; Schaad et al ., 2001; Toussaint et al ., 2001), 19 compounds (Table 2) were evaluated for their ability to suppress growth of other bacteria without adversely affecting Xcm . All compounds were prepared as stock solutions to be added to yeast peptone glucose broth (YPGB) in varying amounts to attain the desired concentrations (Table 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1991), Fessehaie et al . (1999) and Toussaint et al . (2001), but these were not suitable because they inhibited Xcm growth or because they did not sufficiently inhibit associated microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of a semiselective medium for isolating Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum from insect vectors, infected plant material and soil

Mwangi

Mwebaze²,

Bandyopadhyay

et al. 2007

Plant Pathology

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A semiselective medium was developed for isolating Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum ( Xcm ) from infected banana plants, soil and insect vectors. The new medium was named cellobiose-cephalexin agar (CCA) and it contained (L − 1 ): 1 g yeast extract, 1 g glucose, 1 g peptone, 1 g NH 4 Cl, 1 g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 3 g K 2 HPO 4 , 1 g beef extract, 10 g cellobiose, 14 g agar, 40 mg cephalexin, 10 mg 5-fluorouracil and 120 mg cycloheximide. The medium was evaluated for selectivity using 21 bacterial isolates and for plating efficiency using Xcm . The bacterial isolates included a soilborne Xanthomonas species and three pathogenic Xanthomonas strains that infect cassava, cabbage and beans. Although the plating efficiency of Xcm on CCA was lower (59%) than on non-selective yeast extract peptone glucose agar (YPGA), its selectivity was significantly higher, averaging 60 and 82%, when isolating from banana fruits and soil, respectively. CCA was also superior when isolating Xcm from insect vectors, with selectivity of 48 -75%, compared with 8 -17% on YPGA. Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli did not grow on CCA, while X. campestris pv. campestris and X. axonopodis pv. manihotis grew, but their colonies were smaller than those of Xcm . Twenty-nine out of 33 suspected Xcm strains isolated from plants, soil and insects using CCA were pathogenic when inoculated onto banana plants, indicating that CCA can be a reliable tool in isolating Xcm populations. The medium should prove useful in studies on ecology, epidemiology and management of the banana bacterial wilt pathogen that is currently ravaging bananas in East and Central Africa.

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“…To overcome this problem, selective artificial media are developed that use antibiotics, fungicides, selected carbon and nitrogen sources and other inhibitory compounds to retard the growth of nontarget microflora while allowing the pathogen to grow. Many selective and semiselective media have been developed for seedborne fungi and bacteria (Chang et al, 1991;Franken et al, 1991;Kritzman and Netzer, 1978;Lorbeer and Tichelaar, 1970;Toussaint et al, 2001). Unfortunately, development of such media is time consuming and requires specific knowledge of the nutritional requirements and chemical tolerances of the target organism, relative to the nontarget seed microflora.…”

Section: Conventional Seed Detection Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Seedborne Pathogens

Walcott¹

2003

horttech

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Plant pathogens present a serious threat to seedling establishment and the potential for plant disease epidemics under greenhouse conditions is great. Hence, pathogen exclusion by detection and elimination of infested seedlots remains a requisite tactic for seedling production and disease management. Unfortunately, the numbers of contaminated seed within a lot may be low and infested seed may be asymptomatic making their detection difficult. To address these issues seed detection assays have been developed, but many of them have shortcomings that reduce their effectiveness. Examples of frequently used seed assays include visual examination, selective media, seedling grow-out and serological assays which, while appropriate for some pathogens, often display inadequate levels of sensitivity and specificity. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has emerged as a tool for detecting microorganisms in many diverse environments. Thus far, it is clear that DNA-based detection systems exhibit higher levels sensitivity than conventional techniques. Unfortunately, PCR-based seed tests require the extraction of PCR-quality DNA from target organisms in backgrounds of saprophytic organisms and inhibitory seed-derived compounds. The inability to efficiently extract PCR-quality DNA from seeds has restricted the acceptance and application of PCR for seed detection. To overcome these limitations several modified PCR protocols have been developed including selective target colony enrichment followed by PCR (BIO-PCR) and immunomagnetic separation and PCR. These techniques seek to selectively concentrate or increase target organism populations to enhance detection and have been successfully applied for detecting bacteria in seed. Other techniques with great potential for rapid detection of seedborne pathogens include magnetic capture hybridization and PCR, and DNA-chip technology. Ultimately, PCR will be available for the detection of all seedborne pathogens and may supersede conventional detection methods.

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A New Semi-Selective Medium forXanthomonas campestrispv.vitians, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Lettuce

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Genetic Diversity of Lettuce for Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians

Genetic Diversity of Lettuce for Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians

Development of a semiselective medium for isolating Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum from insect vectors, infected plant material and soil

Detection of Seedborne Pathogens

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