“…Argo floats, surface drifters, RAFOS floats) and balloons in the atmosphere, as well as from the advection of virtual particles derived from velocity fields reconstructed from satellite altimetry or output from numerical simulations (among others, A. F. Thompson & Sallée, 2012;van Sebille et al, 2018). Lagrangian trajectories are used to study ocean and atmospheric circulations (e.g., Schulze Chretien & Frajka- Williams, 2018;Gillard et al, 2016;Bower et al, 2011;Fischer & Schott, 2002) and sea ice drift (e.g., Williams et al, 2016;Brunette et al, 2019), to identify the origin and fate of water masses (e.g., Kawasaki et al, 2022;Kelly et al, 2019), to assess connectivity timescales (e.g., Jönsson & Watson, 2016), and to study the fate of atmospheric and oceanic pollutants (e.g., Hertwig et al, 2015;Viikmäe et al, 2013), plastic (e.g., Lebreton et al, 2012), larvae (e.g., Ayata et al, 2010;Cetina-Heredia et al, 2015;Phelps et al, 2015;Simons et al, 2013), icebergs (e.g., Marson et al, 2018;Merino et al, 2016), and debris or people during search and rescue (e.g., Hart-Davis & Backeberg, 2021). Yet, sets of Lagrangian trajectories are challenging to analyze.…”