A new sampling formula for neutral biodiversity

Etienne, Rampal S.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00717.x

Cited by 236 publications

(424 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…The idea is described in detail in Etienne and Olff (31,32) and Etienne. (29) Here we illustrate the approach with the simplest possible data set − → D , namely one consisting of two individuals. There are two possibilities: either the two individuals are of the same species, or they are of different species.…”

Section: Genealogical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutral Community Theory: How Stochasticity and Dispersal-Limitation Can Explain Species Coexistence

Etienne¹,

Alonso

2006

J Stat Phys

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Neutral community theory explains biodiversity, i.e. the coexistence of several species, as the result of a stochastic balance between immigration and extinction on a local level, and between speciation and extinction on a regional level. The most popular model, presented by Hubbell in 2001, has seen many analytical developments in recent years, which can be used in model analysis, model testing and model comparison. We review these developments here, and present alternative derivations and shine previously unnoticed lights on them.

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Section: Genealogical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Etienne and Olff (31,32) provided the first formula for this probability, and this was greatly simplified in Etienne. (29) We write it in a slightly different form here:…”

Section: Genealogical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Community Theory: How Stochasticity and Dispersal-Limitation Can Explain Species Coexistence

Etienne¹,

Alonso

2006

J Stat Phys

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“…One alternative would be to fit the neutral model to observed diversity patterns in order to estimate their most likely values. The sampling formulae that have been derived for classic neutral models considering spatially implicit metacommunities allow computing maximum-likelihood estimates [34,50,51]. Such a formula is not available for our model, but the carrying capacities of communities and the dispersal cost could be estimated by looking for values that yield predictions about expected diversity and dissimilarity that best fit the observed diversity and dissimilarity estimates (e.g.…”

Section: (B) Neutral Predictions On Species Diversity Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of the competition–dispersal trade-off affects α- and β-diversity in a heterogeneous metacommunity

et al. 2016

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Difference in dispersal ability is a key driver of species coexistence in metacommunities. However, the available frameworks for interpreting species diversity patterns in natura often overlook trade-offs and evolutionary constraints associated with dispersal. Here, we build a metacommunity model accounting for dispersal evolution and a competition-dispersal trade-off. Depending on the distribution of carrying capacities among communities, species dispersal values are distributed either around a single strategy (evolutionarily stable strategy, ESS), or around distinct strategies (evolutionary branching, EB). We show that limited dispersal generates spatial aggregation of dispersal traits in ESS and EB scenarios, and that the competition-dispersal trade-off strengthens the pattern in the EB scenario. Importantly, individuals in larger (respectively (resp.) smaller) communities tend to harbour lower (resp. higher) dispersal, especially under the EB scenario. We explore how dispersal evolution affects species diversity patterns by comparing those from our model to the predictions of a neutral metacommunity model. The most marked difference is detected under EB, with distinctive values of both aand b-diversity (e.g. the dissimilarity in species composition between small and large communities was significantly larger than neutral predictions). We conclude that, from an empirical perspective, jointly assessing community carrying capacity with species dispersal strategies should improve our understanding of diversity patterns in metacommunities.

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“…Figure 2 | Test of the equivalence of the dispersal limitation model and the density-dependent symmetric model. We have randomly generated 100 communities using the dispersal-limitation model, following the Etienne 23 algorithm with the values of m and v 1 given in Table 1 for the BCI plot (m ¼ 0.09 and v 1 ¼ 48.1). For each of these data sets we calculated the loglikelihoods L 1 and L 2 of the dispersal-limitation model 3 and the densitydependent symmetric model respectively.…”

Section: (See Supplementary Information)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S is the number of species, J is the total abundance and v 1 and v 2 are the biodiversity parameters in the dispersal limitation model 3 and equation (1) respectively (note that v 2 is a function of c, x and S and that both models have the same number of fitting parameters). The comparison of the models was carried out with the likelihood ratio test 10,23,24 . The lower table presents deviance (twice the difference in the log-likelihoods L 1 and L 2 of the dispersal limitation model 3 and the density-dependent symmetric model respectively) between the two models and the corresponding P-value of the x 2 -distribution with one degree of freedom.…”

Section: (See Supplementary Information)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Density dependence explains tree species abundance and diversity in tropical forests

Volkov

Banavar

et al. 2005

Nature

300

307

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The recurrent patterns in the commonness and rarity of species in ecological communities-the relative species abundance-have puzzled ecologists for more than half a century 1,2 . Here we show that the framework of the current neutral theory in ecology [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] can easily be generalized to incorporate symmetric density dependence [11][12][13][14] . We can calculate precisely the strength of the rare-species advantage that is needed to explain a given RSA distribution. Previously, we demonstrated that a mechanism of dispersal limitation also fits RSA data well 3,4 . Here we compare fits of the dispersal and density-dependence mechanisms for empirical RSA data on tree species in six New and Old World tropical forests and show that both mechanisms offer sufficient and independent explanations. We suggest that RSA data cannot by themselves be used to discriminate among these explanations of RSA patterns 15 -empirical studies will be required to determine whether RSA patterns are due to one or the other mechanism, or to some combination of both.Ecologists have long sought to explain the high levels of tree diversity that often occur in tropical forests. One aspect of this challenge is to understand the evolutionary origin and maintenance of this diversity on large spatial and temporal scales 16 . Another is to understand how such extraordinarily high alpha (local) tree diversity can be maintained on very local scales in particular tropical forests. For example, there are over a thousand tree species in a 52-hectare plot in Borneo (Lambir, Sarawak, Table 1). Numerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain tropical tree species coexistence on local scales; many of these hypotheses invoke density-and frequencydependent mechanisms. Two of the most prominent of these hypotheses are the Janzen-Connell hypothesis 11,12 and the ChessonWarner hypothesis 13 .The Janzen-Connell hypothesis is that seeds that disperse farther away from the maternal parent are more likely to escape mortality from host-specific predators or pathogens. This spatially structured mortality disfavours the population growth of locally abundant species relative to uncommon species by reducing the probability of species' self-replacement in the same location in the next generation.The Chesson-Warner hypothesis is that a rare-species reproductive advantage arises when species have similar per capita rates of mortality but reproduce asynchronously, and there are overlapping generations. Processes that hold the abundance of a common species in check inevitably lead to rare-species advantage because the space or resources freed up by density-dependent deaths are then exploited by less-common species. Therefore, among-species frequency dependence is the community-level consequence of within-species density dependence, and thus they are two different manifestations of the same phenomenon. There is accumulating empirical evidence that such density-and frequency-dependent processes may play a large part in maintaining the diversity of tropical t...

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A new sampling formula for neutral biodiversity

Cited by 236 publications

References 36 publications

Neutral Community Theory: How Stochasticity and Dispersal-Limitation Can Explain Species Coexistence

Neutral Community Theory: How Stochasticity and Dispersal-Limitation Can Explain Species Coexistence

The evolution of the competition–dispersal trade-off affects α- and β-diversity in a heterogeneous metacommunity

Density dependence explains tree species abundance and diversity in tropical forests

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