A new robust closed-loop control system for electrosurgical generators

Fahad, Shah; Ullah, Naseer; Mahdi, Ali Jafer; Ullah, Nasim

doi:10.1007/s42600-020-00062-y

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Более 100 лет назад с разработкой Уильямом Т. Бови первого электрохирургического аппарата, дошедшего до практического использования, началась эпоха электрохирургии [1], которая к настоящему времени стала одной из наиболее частых процедур в современной оперативной практике. Принцип электрохирургии основан на разрушении биологических тканей высокочастотным переменным током (100 кГц -5 МГц [2,3]) за счет его преобразования в тепловую энергию. Так, ниже 45 °С термическое повреждение тканей носит обратимых характер, при температуре выше 45 °С происходит денатурация белка в тканях и теряется их структурная целостность.…”

Section: 1±06°) An Alternative To Coatings Is the Formation Of Microc...unclassified

Physico-Chemical Approaches to Improve the Characteristics of Electrosurgical Instruments

2022

Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.

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This article is devoted to an overview of approaches to improving the characteristics of electrosurgical instruments. Currently, in minimally invasive surgery, the main material of an electrosurgical instrument is usually stainless steel. However, during operation, tissue sticking and carbonization occur, as well as corrosion of the instrument, which leads to a decrease in efficiency and adverse events. In this regard, it is very promising to develop new physicochemical approaches to improve the characteristics of electrosurgical instruments in order to avoid disadvantages noted above. On the one hand, it is proposed to replace stainless steel with other electrically conductive materials (gold, tungsten, zirconium dioxide, etc.). On the other hand, options for developing functional coatings of stainless steel (metallic, polymeric and composite) are considered. Among the "classical" approaches, one can distinguish coatings with gold, as well as nitrides and oxides of refractory metals (Cr, Zr, Ti), which are characterized by higher thermal conductivity and a pronounced anti-sticking effect. Very promising is the use of coatings based on diamond-like carbon, which have a higher contact angle compared to stainless steel (97.25±1.87° versus 75.47±2.55°) with a higher microhardness of the coating (2250 Hv versus 500 Hv). Particular attention is drawn to superhydrophobic coatings, for example, a coating based on hexamethyldisilazane with SiO2 nanoparticles, the contact angle of which is two times higher than stainless steel (153.4±2.6° versus 73.1±0.6°). An alternative to coatings is the formation of microchannels and nanoroughness on the surface of electrosurgical instruments in order to reduce tissue adhesion and the risk of carbonization. Implementation of the principles of biomimicry, i.e. imitation of the structures of wildlife, has led to research in the field of creating analogues of microstructures (pangolin scales, shark skin), as well as liquid-infused surfaces, imitating the properties of the leaves of the carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plant, which, due to the lubricant layer on their surface, have lower adhesive properties compared to unmodified material. Thus, the problem of modifying the surface of electrosurgical instruments has already been approached from several angles, and it can be stated with a sufficient degree of confidence that the number of studies in this direction will only increase.

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Section: 1±06°) An Alternative To Coatings Is the Formation Of Microc...unclassified

Physico-Chemical Approaches to Improve the Characteristics of Electrosurgical Instruments

2022

Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.

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“…The authors in [ 27 ] suggested an ESU model that can control temperature by means of a heating and cooling system with output power regulation in order to avoid side damage to the tissues during the surgery. In [ 28 ], the authors proposed a new circuit to regulate the output power of the ESU to a constant value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PID fuzzy control applied to an electrosurgical unit for power regulation

Ridha

Mahdi

Abed

et al. 2020

Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance

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The electrosurgical unit (ESU) is the most common device in modern surgery for cutting and coagulation of tissues. It produces high-frequency alternating current to prevent the stimulation of muscles and nerves. The commercial ESUs are generally expensive and their output power is uncontrolled. The main objective of the proposed study is to propose an economic ESU with an additional feature of output power regulation using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based proportional integral derivative (PID) tuned controller. Unlike the previous studies, the proposed controller is designed in a fully closed-loop control fashion to regulate the output power of the ESU to a fixed value under the consideration of highly dynamic tissue impedance. The performance of the proposed method is tested in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. In order to validate the superiority of the proposed method, a comparative analysis with a simple (PID) controller based ESU is presented.

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