A New Rinse Conditioner Active with Improved Environmental Properties / Neuer Bestandteil für Weichspüler mit verbesserter Umweltverträglichkeit

Waters, John; Kleiser, H. H.; How, M.J.; Barratt, Martin D.; Birch, R. R.; Fletcher, R.J.; Haigh, S. D.; Hales, Stephen G.; Marshall, Shaun; Pestell, T. C.

doi:10.1515/tsd-1991-280622

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Owing to its physicochemical properties and its nonbiodegradability in anoxic environments, DTDMAC is significantly enriched in anaerobically stabilized sludges and anoxic sediments. Therefore, DTDMAC has been replaced in Europe since 1991 by new quaternary ammonium compounds that contain ester functions in the long hydrophobic chains and are expected to have an improved degradibility in the environment. − The use of DTDMAC in fabric softeners in other regions has, to our knowledge, not changed. In Switzerland, the detergent industry started a voluntary phase-out of DTDMAC in the second part of 1991, and thus DTDMAC no longer is employed as an ingredient in fabric softeners.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Ditallowdimethylammonium in Digested Sludges and Marine Sediments by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Liquid Chromatography with Postcolumn Ion-Pair Formation

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To study the phasing-out of the quaternary ammonium surfactant ditallowdimethylammonium cation (DTDMAC), concentrations of the cation in anaerobically stabilized sewage sludges were determined before and after its replacement by better degradable compounds. DTDMAC was quantitatively extracted from digested sludges using 380 atm of supercritical CO(2) modified with 30% methanol at 100 °C. Determination of DTDMAC was performed by normal-phase HPLC with postcolumn ion-pair formation and extraction with no sample cleanup. Mean concentrations of DTDMAC in sludges from five different municipal sewage treatment plants in Switzerland decreased from 3.67 g/kg (in 1991) to 0.96, 0.47, and 0.21 g/kg of dry sludge in 1992, 1993, and 1994, respectively. The precision of the method in digested sludge for 0.1-6.0 g/kg of dry matter, as indicated by the relative standard deviation, was typically 7%. The influence of the sample matrix was studied by performing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in coastal marine sediments. While SFE and a conventional liquid extraction method gave equal DTDMAC concentrations in sludges, the extraction of marine sediment samples yielded 30-40% higher DTDMAC values for SFE compared to those obtained by liquid extraction. The 94% drop in DTDMAC concentrations in digested sludges is due to the replacement of this substance and is a clear result of the producers' voluntary ban on its use in Europe.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Ditallowdimethylammonium in Digested Sludges and Marine Sediments by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Liquid Chromatography with Postcolumn Ion-Pair Formation

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, this trend could be partially explained by the industry's shift toward the production of shorter chain DADMACs as alternatives due to the phase-out of long-chain ditallowdimethylammonium cations in the 1990s. 52,53 Specifically, C12-and C14-BACs and C16-and C18-ATMACs were the predominant QAC congeners, and these four compounds comprised nearly 90% of ∑ traditional QAC concentrations, likely as a result of their high production volumes and wide applications in the market from China (e.g., cleaning products, hair conditioners, and hair care products). 20,52 Emerging QACs in Dust from Homes.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pattern was different from that reported in indoor dust collected from the United States (56, 26, and 18% for BACs, DADMACs, and ATMACs, respectively) and Europe (45.7, 26.8, and 27.5% for BACs, DADMACs, and ATMACs, respectively). , The observed lower proportion of DADMACs in our study, compared to samples from the United States and Europe, may be linked to their decreased utilization in products, such as disinfectants and fabric softeners. In addition, this trend could be partially explained by the industry’s shift toward the production of shorter chain DADMACs as alternatives due to the phase-out of long-chain ditallowdimethylammonium cations in the 1990s. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in South China

Cheng,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite their ubiquitous use, information regarding the presence of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in various microenvironments remains scarce and only a small subset of QACs has been monitored using targeted chemical analysis. In this study, a total of 111 dust samples were collected from homes and various public settings in South China during the COVID-19 pandemic and were analyzed for traditional and emerging QACs using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The total traditional QAC concentrations in residential dust (∑ traditional QAC, sum of 18 traditional QACs) ranged from 13.8 to 150 μg/g with a median concentration of 42.2 μg/g. Twenty-eight emerging QACs were identified in these samples, and the composition of ∑ emerging QAC (sum of emerging QACs) to ∑QAC (sum of traditional and emerging QACs) ranged from 19 to 42% across various microenvironments, indicating the widespread existence of emerging QACs in indoor environments. Additionally, dust samples from cinemas exhibited higher ∑QAC concentrations compared to homes (medians 65.9 μg/g vs 58.3 μg/g, respectively), indicating heavier emission sources of QACs in these places. Interestingly, significantly higher ∑QAC concentrations were observed in dust from the rooms with carpets than those without (medians 65.6 μg/g vs 32.6 μg/g, p < 0.05, respectively). Overall, this study sheds light on the ubiquitous occurrence of QACs in indoor environments in South China.

show abstract

“…Now, most European producers of fabric softeners have reduced use of dialkyl quats and favored esterquats because of the environmental concern (Friedli et al, 2002; Tyagi et al, 2006). Esterquats is more biodegradable due to its ester bond which is easier for microorganisms to digest by hydrolysis to a fatty acid to give carbon dioxide and water (Puchta et al, 1993; Tyagi et al, 2006; Umapathy et al, 2016; Waters et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GC–MSD method for analysis of dimethyl sulfate in palm oil‐based esterquat

Tay

Aziz

Maurad

2023

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a quarternizing agent for esteramine used for the synthesis of esterquat. To date there is no reliable published method for quantification of DMS in palm‐based esterquat. Esterquat is used in the formulation of personal care and textile cleaning. The process of quaternization is usually incomplete and there will be unreacted DMS. This work presents a new simple method involving solvent extraction of DMS followed by analysis with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detector to quantify the unreacted DMS. This method was validated as per International Council for Harmonization requirements. This novel method showed good repeatability (relative standard deviation [RSD] < 5%) and inter‐day with different analyst reproducibility (RSD < 5%). The limits of detection and quantification were 5 and 10 μg mL−1, respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples and it was found that good recovery was found at spiking levels of 20, 30, and 50 μg mL−1 with % recovery falling within the 80%–120% acceptable limit. However, at 10 μg mL−1, the percentage recovery was slightly below the recommended limit.

show abstract

A New Rinse Conditioner Active with Improved Environmental Properties / Neuer Bestandteil für Weichspüler mit verbesserter Umweltverträglichkeit

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Determination of the Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Ditallowdimethylammonium in Digested Sludges and Marine Sediments by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Liquid Chromatography with Postcolumn Ion-Pair Formation

Determination of the Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Ditallowdimethylammonium in Digested Sludges and Marine Sediments by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Liquid Chromatography with Postcolumn Ion-Pair Formation

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in South China

A GC–MSD method for analysis of dimethyl sulfate in palm oil‐based esterquat

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About