A new reactor for growing carbon fibers from liquid- and vapor-phase hydrocarbons

Tibbetts, Gary G.; Gorkiewicz, Daniel W.; Alig, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(93)90019-7

Cited by 120 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…On the other hand, for use in composites, large quantities of nanotubes are required at low cost, ideally without complicated purification steps. At present, only chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or catalytic growth processes 24 satisfy these requirements and, as such, are the materials of choice for composite work, both in academia and in industry 25 ; a number of companies have scaled up such processes to 100 tonnes per year or more. CVD materials contain residual catalyst particles, and sometimes amorphous carbon, but are otherwise relatively pure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic matrix composites containing carbon nanotubes

2009

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Due to the remarkable physical and mechanical properties of individual, perfect carbon nanotubes (CNTs), they are considered to be one of the most promising new reinforcements for structural composites. Their impressive electrical and thermal properties also suggest opportunities for multifunctional applications. In the context of inorganic matrix composites, researchers have particularly focussed on CNTs as toughening elements to overcome the intrinsic brittleness of the ceramic or glass material. Although there are now a number of studies published in the literature, these inorganic systems have received much less attention than CNT/polymer matrix composites. This paper reviews the current status of the research and development of CNT-loaded ceramic matrix composite materials. It includes a summary of the key issues related to the optimisation of CNT-based composites, with particular reference to brittle matrices and provides an overview of the processing techniques developed to 2 optimise dispersion quality, interfaces and density. The properties of the various composite systems are discussed, with an emphasis on toughness; a comprehensive comparative summary is provided, together with a discussion of the possible toughening mechanism that may operate. Lastly, a range of potential applications are discussed, concluding with a discussion of the scope for future developments in the field.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic matrix composites containing carbon nanotubes

2009

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These fibers have been characterized in terms of the highly preferred orientation of their graphitic basal planes parallel to the fiber axis, with an annular ring texture in the cross section. This structure gives rise to excellent mechanical properties, very high electrical and thermal conductivity, and a high graphitizability of the fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Therefore, many researchers have tried in recent years to reach the final target of mass production. Among the various processing methods, the most important one has been the development of the floating reactant method, [6][7][8] which allows a three-dimensional dispersion of the hydrocarbon together with the catalytic particles derived from the pyrolysis of organometallic compounds, such as ferrocene, in a reaction chamber, resulting in a high yield and a rather uniform diameter of the resulting fibers. Therefore, the floating reactant method is thought to be a promising means for the mass production of carbon fibers at relatively low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Characterization of Boron-doped Submicron Vapor-grown Carbon Fibers and Their Anode Performance

et al. 2000

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Structural evolution of undoped and boron-doped submicron vapor-grown carbon fibers (S-VGCFs) was monitored as a function of heat-treatment temperature (HTT). Based on x-ray and Raman data, over the range of HTT from 1800 to 2600 °C, it was found that boron atoms act as catalysts to promote graphitization due to boron's higher diffusivity. For the range of HTT from 2600 to 2800 °C, the process of boron out-diffusion from the host material induces defects, such as tilt boundaries; this process would be related with the improved capacity and Coulombic efficiency of boron-doped S-VGCFs. When 10 wt% S-VGCFs was used as an additive to synthetic graphite, the cyclic efficiency of the capacities was improved to almost 100%.

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“…A reaction mixture consisting of, for example, acetylene and argon is passed over the catalyst bed for several hours at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1100°C [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Another technique to vapour-grown CNF production is based on a 'floating catalyst' carried in the gas stream inside a continuous flow reactor [24]. Supported catalysts have been used for CNF synthesis to achieve control of fiber width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%