A new rapid method for determining sludge activity

Oláh, József; Princz, P.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(86)90117-x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…(2) assays based on bioluminescence output (Beckman Instruments, 1982; Bulich, 1982); (3) assays based on the measurement of oxygen consumption using dissolved oxygen probes [International Standards Organization (ISO), 1984; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 19841 or respirometric techniques (manometric or electrolytic) (King and Dutka, 1986); (4) assays based on the determination of glucose uptake activity (Larson and Schaeffer, 1982;Olah and Princz, 1986); and (5) assays based on the measurement of microbial dehydrogenase enzyme activity (Liu, 1981;Liu and Thomson, 1984;Ryssov-Nielsen, 1975;Reinhartz et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three rapid toxicity test procedures: Microtox,® polytox,® and activated sludge respiration inhibition

Elnabarawy¹,

Robideau²,

Beach³

1988

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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Methods for measuring respiratory activity can detect adverse effects on heterotrophic microorganisms. These methods are useful tools for assessing the impact of chemicals on biological wastewater treatment processes. They are also well suited for evaluating the treatability potential of individual wastes. However, varying results are oRen reported when using municipal or industrial activated sludge substrate in toxicity assessments. The lack of reproducibility of these tests has also greatly limited efforts to measure the effectiveness of treatment plants in removing toxic contaminants. The toxicity of wastewaters and chemicals to biological treatment systems can be determined in 30 min with the new Polytox@ toxicity procedure. The Polytox@ kit utilizes a specialized blend of bacterial cultures. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the relative sensitivity of the new PolytoxQ toxicity procedure with two accepted microbial assay procedures; namely, the MicrotoxQ bioluminescence assay and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition test. This paper compares toxicity values for selected inorganic and organic chemicals as determined in the three microbial assay systems. The sensitivity and reliability of the new PolytoxQ toxicity procedure is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three rapid toxicity test procedures: Microtox,® polytox,® and activated sludge respiration inhibition

Elnabarawy¹,

Robideau²,

Beach³

1988

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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“…La détermination de l'activité de la biomasse reste un sujet de préoccupa-tion constant si on vise à une meilleure compréhension des processus (OLAH et PRINCZ, 1986). …”

Section: -Introductionunclassified

Automatisation et comparaison de différentes méthodes respirométriques d'estimation rapide de la DBO

Vasel¹,

Warnier²,

Jupsin³

et al. 2005

rseau

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II est bien connu que la DBO peut étre mesurée par des méthodes respiromédriques. Les manipulations sont ainsi rendues plus aisées mais la durée de la mesure reste inchangée. La demande biologique en oxygène à court terme (DBOACT) a été proposée pour évaluer rapidement la DBO. Habituellement, ces mesures étaient réalisées dans un respiromètre fermé avec une boue acclimatée et en état de respiration endogène. Récemment on a suggéré de travailler avec un respiromètre ouvert, aéré continuellement durant le test. Nous avons réalisé un tel appareil avec une acquisition et un traitement automatique des données, en utilisant un micro-ordinateur. De cette façon, il est facile de tester différentes méthodes (intégration de la courbe en sac, hauteur de pic, comparaison à des étalons, usage d'étalons internes) pour évaluer la DBO. Nous avons également examiné l'influence du type de substrat, de l'âge et des caractéristiques des boues. Notre conclusion est que aucune des méthodes testées ne fournit une détermination précise de la DBO5 pour des substrats complexes. La méthode reste utile pour contrôler la variabilité de l'influent dans une station d'épuration, lorsque la biomasse est acclimatée au substrat et qu'on ne désire pas une mesure très précise.The usual way of measuring BOD is the dilution method. The consumption of oxygen is measured in the dark at 20 °C during 5 days. Manometric methods were proposed already some decades ago. Their principle is that every molecule of oxygen consumed la transformed into CO2 which is absorbed in a solution of KOH, creating a pressure variation in the bottle. From this pressure variation the BOD can be calculated. By this way experiments were made easier but the duration of the measure remained unchanged. Other respirometric methods were also proposed, especially Short Term Biological Oxygen Demand (STBOD) to evaluate BOD rapidly. Usually such determinations were done in closed respirometers with acclimated sludge under endogeneous respiration condition. Recently, it was suggested to proceed in an open respirometer aerated continuously during the test. We set up this type of respirometer with acquisition and automatic processing of the data, using a microcomputer. In this way it was easy to test different procedures. Among these procedures we tested :- the method of integration of curve in sack-from,- the method of peak level,- the method of comparison to standards,- the method of internal standards.The principles of these methods are given in more detail in the text. We examined the influence of the type of substrate, of the type of biomass used and of the sludge retention time on the results. The substrates tested were :- glucose,- domestic waste water with and without detergent,- diluted eggs,- diluted beer,- effluents from the paper industry.Three different types of biomass and these sludge retention times (fresh, 5 days and 20 days) were used. Automatisation of the test and automatic processing of the data were carried out in basic language with an « Apple II » microcomputer.The ...

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Treatability, Toxicity and Biodegradability Test Methods

Kilroy

Gray

1995

Biological Reviews

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1. This review confirms that treatability and biodegradability test methods have been cited extensively in the literature. It is clear that the method selected depends on the specific objectives of the test, i.e. the determination of whether a substance is toxic, biodegradable or treatable. Factors that have to be considered when selecting the test methods are the cost of performing the test, the time and resources involved, and the accuracy required. It often appears that more extensive simulation studies are required after initial screening tests have been performed. 2. Many of the enzyme and bacterial growth tests which have been developed for monitoring or screening of toxicants and their persistence in water and wastewaters have been reviewed. Most of these tests are rapid, inexpensive, and reproducible. Most of the biochemical and microcalorimetric approaches, although promising, are still in their infancy as regards toxicity testing. Therefore, biological testing still appears to be most suitable for routine assessment. 3. Micro-organisms are particularly suitable for use in toxicity testing of chemicals as they are inexpensive to culture, have rapid growth rates, and usually provide reproducible results (Vaishnav & Korthals, 1990). Many bioassays have been developed to evaluate the toxicity and treatability of municipal and industrial effluents. Numerous single species tests have been recommended by several authors (Dutka et al., 1983; Beaubien et al. 1986). Such approaches are mainly based on the belief that, by selecting the most sensitive species and by using appropriate factors to allow for variability not included in the test, the highest levels of biological organization will be adequately protected. Single species tests are now quite well established, and when properly used, are easy to analyse and quantify. However, it has been pointed out (Levin, 1984) that the results obtained from single species tests cannot easily be applied to natural field conditions because the test organisms are extensively laboratory acclimated; also the test conditions provide for optimized growth and survival, a situation unlikely to be found in the field. Moreover, a fundamental problem with this approach is that it assumes that the ecosystem is a collection of single species exposed to toxicants under constant conditions (Cairns, 1982). Multi-species toxicity tests, that is the use of mixed cultures or communities of micro-organisms for a testing protocol, are found to be generally much less sensitive than single species tests (Dutka & Kwan, 1984).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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A new rapid method for determining sludge activity

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of three rapid toxicity test procedures: Microtox,® polytox,® and activated sludge respiration inhibition

Comparison of three rapid toxicity test procedures: Microtox,® polytox,® and activated sludge respiration inhibition

Automatisation et comparaison de différentes méthodes respirométriques d'estimation rapide de la DBO

Treatability, Toxicity and Biodegradability Test Methods

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